Download Naming Straight Chain Alkanes (C

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
Why so many Carbon compounds?!
Group #_14__________________
metal, nonmetal, metalloid
bond type__covalent____
Valance electrons__4__
Lewis Dot formula
Bonding Capacity__4____
C
C
C
Single Bond
C
C
Double Bond
C
C
Triple Bond
Bonding Capacity of H, O, N
H
O
N
1
2
3
Hmmm, I seem to remember something about that.......
Why covalent bonds?
Electronegativity:
·The ability to pull electrons away from another
element
·elements in the NE part of the periodic table have
stronger pull
METALS
NONMETALS
Properties of Covalent Compounds
·Covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.
·Covalent compounds don't conduct electricity in water.
·Covalent compounds aren't usually very soluble in water.
·Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.
Chemical Formulas (Molecular formulas)
CH4 methane
one pair of electrons
C2H6
H
ethane
H
H
C
C
H
H
Lewis Dot
H
C
H
H
H
H
Structural Formulas
H
H
C
H
each pair of electrons = one single bond
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
Condensed Structural Formula
Propane
Chemical (molecular) Formula
C 3H 8
H H
Structural Formula
H C C C
H
Condensed Structural Formula
H
H
H
H
CH3CH2CH3
same as structural just take away the lines!
TRY IT
C4H10
ANOTHER WAY
C6H14
count how many CH2's there are
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
·a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula
·possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and
·shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass
ALKANES
·straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons in which all the bonds between
carbon atoms are single covalent bonds.
·"saturated"
·general formula is
·end with the suffix " ane "
CnH2n+2 where "n" is the # of carbons
Naming Straight Chain Alkanes (CnH2n+2)
Prefix is determined by the number of carbon atoms in the chain:
Suffix is "ane"
meth
th
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec
e
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CH4
C2H6
Naming Branched Alkanes
Functional Group
Functional groups are specific atoms, ions, or groups of atoms having
consistent properties. A functional group makes up part of a larger molecule.
In branched alkanes the functional group in an
"ALKYL" group
CH3
methyl
ethyl
yl ending
C2H5
one less Hydrogen!
3,4-dimethyl heptane
Naming Branched Chain Alkanes
http://www.ausetute.com.a
u/nambanes.html
· Name and number the longest carbon chain as for a straight chain alkane.
· Identify each of the branches (side-chains).
· Use the lowest number combinations for the branches (side-chains).
· Name each branch or side-chain (alkyl group) :
methyl CH3
ethyl C2H5
propyl C3H7
·
For more than 1 of the same alkyl group use:
di = 2
tri = 3
tetra = 4
· Use commas between numbers, eg, 1,2 or 2,3
· Use hyphens between numbers and words, eg, 2-methyl or 2,3-dimethyl
· If there is more than 1 type of branch or side-chain, arrange their names alphabetically, ie, ethyl groups are
named before methyl groups which are named before propyl groups