Download Worksheet – Alkanes Alkanes are the simplest organic compounds

Worksheet – Alkanes
Alkanes are the simplest organic compounds. They contain only C and H and all
of the carbons are sp3 hybridized. There are IUPAC prefixes for carbons chains:
1
meth
4
but
7
hept
2
eth
5
pent
8
oct
3
prop
6
hex
9
non
10
dec
For alkanes, the ending is “ane”, giving methane, ethane, propane, etc.
Methane is CH4, ethane is C2H6, propane is C3H8 etc. The general formula is
CnH2n+2. There are many ways to represent these compounds. For example,
butane, C4H10 can be drawn as:
or CH3(CH2)2CH3 or simply as
In the last (most common) representation only the carbon chain is drawn. Each
C is assumed to have 4 bonds to it, but the H are not explicitly written out.
The longest continuous C chain determines the root name for the compound. If
additional groups are bonded to the main chain, they are assigned a number
corresponding to their position and are named as substituents, methyl, ethyl, etc.
1.
Circle the longest chain of the compound below.
a. What is its root name?
b. Name the substituents, in alphabetical
order
c. Number the chain to give them the
lowest possible numbers
d. Name the compound
2.
Which of the following represent the same compound? (Hint: use the
names to decide)
3.
Draw the following compounds:
a. 3-ethyl-2-methyloctane
b. 4-methylnonane
c. 4-tert-butylheptane
d. 4-ethyl-7-isopropyl-2,4,8-trimethyldecane
4.
Correct the following names. (Hint: draw them and rename)
a. 3-methylbutane
b. 3-isopropyloctane
c. 2-ethylhexane
5.
Draw the products of the following reaction, assuming that only
monobrominated (C7H15Br) products are formed.
6.
Name each of the following compounds and rank them in order of
increasing boiling point.