Download Social Identity Groups Social identity groups

Chapter 8:
Diversity Issues in
Group Work
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition
Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross,
and Mark D. Stauffer
Social Identity Groups
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Social identity groups: a collection of
people who share physical, cultural, or
social characteristics within one of
the categories of social identity
Categories
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Race
Gender
Socioeconomic status
Age
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Ethnicity
Sexual orientation
Disability
Religion
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Multiculturalism &
Diversity
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Multiculturalism: the term used in
relation to differences based strictly
on race and ethnicity
Diversity: Aspects of difference among
individual and groups
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Elements of Diversity
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Three elements that impact counseling
and group work
 Culture
 Individual identity development
 Relationships between social identity groups
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Culture: characteristic values,
behaviors, products, and worldviews of
a group with a distinct sociohistorical
context
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Models of Identity
Development
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Racial/Cultural Identity Development
Model
 Conformity, Dissonance,
Resistance/Immersion, Introspection,
Integrative awareness
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White Racial Identity Model
 Contact, Progressive awareness, Attitudes,
Personal responsibility, Shifting protective
strategies, Autonomy.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Models of Identity
Development
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Oppression Model
 Stereotypes: negative generalizations
 Prejudice: judgments without adequate
information or contact
 Discrimination: behavior of individuals or
institutions with differential/harmful effects
 Privilege: unearned access to resources
available to members of some groups
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Key Points
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Within each identity group category,
specific identities are more esteemed
and have more power than others in
the context of a particular society.
Dominant or agent group: collection
of social identities with more power
Target groups: social identity groups
with less power
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Cross-Cultural Competencies
and Objectives
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Counselor Self-Awareness
 Without adequate awareness of stereotypes, biases,
and culturally based reactions that are part of life as
cultural beings, counselors will unknowingly view
culturally different clients’ lives, issues, and
interactions from their own, rather than clients’,
perspectives.
Awareness of Client’s Worldview
 While cultural identification can be seen as a
person’s sense of belonging to a group, worldview is
the sum total of his or her conceptions of the world
that guide his or her meaning-making, decisions, and
behavior.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Culturally Appropriate
Counseling Skills
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Relevant aspects of communication
style
 Proxemics (personal space)
 Kinesics (movement)
 Paralanguage (voice)
 Low context (verbal content)
 High context (shared understanding)
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Groups as a
Social Microcosm
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Main diversity themes in groups
 Power is distributed according to each
person’s social role in group.
 Power may be distributed according to
numerical representation of social identity
groups within the group.
 Members of social agent groups may have
more power than those of target groups.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Yalom’s Therapeutic
Factors
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Appropriate starting point for exploring
diversity-sensitive group intervention
Provides framework for much of the
group counseling conducted today
Pay attention to diversity and the
differential effects on group members
Otherwise the therapeutic factors might
be counterproductive for some group
members
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Yalom’s Therapeutic
Factors
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Instillation of hope
Universality
Imparting information
Altruism
Corrective recapitulation of family group
Development of socializing techniques
Imitative behavior
Interpersonal learning
Group cohesiveness
Catharsis
Existential factors
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Diversity Concerns during
the Definitive Stage
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In a diverse group, acknowledgment of
cultural differences in self-disclosure
and expression of feeling is important.
Self-determined levels of participation
must be respected.
Group members should be encouraged
to tell their stories at their own pace.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Diversity Concerns during the
Personal Involvement Stage
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Because of increased levels of trust,
group members may begin to express
deeper differences.
Interactions may be challenging and
there may be conflict.
For diverse groups, challenge and
conflict may be focused on power
relationships, bias, and feelings
related to social identity.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Diversity Concerns during the
Group Involvement Stage
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Leaders of diverse groups should
encourage members to explore the
impact of diversity and culture on
personal problem formation, problem
resolution, and resiliency.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Diversity Concerns during the
Enhancement and Closure Stage
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For members of some social identity
groups and cultures, the goal of
transferring new behaviors to their
everyday lives may be counterproductive or even dangerous.
Group members need to be
encouraged to weigh potential
consequences.
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Impact of Diversity upon the
Group Leadership Process
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Customary approaches to the
following may not be appropriate:
 Goals
 Group composition and screening
 Pre-group orientation
 Time and settings
 Process goals and skills
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer