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LEARNING SERIES
WIN-WIN RESULTS
GENDER EQUALITY WITHIN
CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMMING
CARE International in Vietnam
Issue 1 | July 2015
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
ªª Adopt an integrated approach: both gender and climate
change must be addressed simultaneously if both increased
resilience and gender equality are to be achieved.
Integrated activities that promote improved livelihood security,
community-based natural resource management and women-led
economic development offer a useful approach.
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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Agricultural and non-agricultural climate resilient livelihood
strategies will be less effective and can inadvertently reinforce
negative gender norms if they do not tackle these barriers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In Vietnam, CARE works with women and men to both promote gender equality and increase
communities’ resilience to climate change. Through this work, CARE has learned valuable
lessons on addressing the intersecting challenges of gender inequality and climate change.
This Learning Series draws together key issues that have emerged from this work, and
gives examples and recommendations on how they can be addressed.
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
Women as a group are often viewed as being more vulnerable to the impacts of climate
change than men, without recognition of the diversity among different groups of women.
Climate change activities often target women without addressing the nuanced underlying
power dynamics that often limit their access to the benefits of climate change interventions.
ªª Address gender-based barriers: factors such as women’s
heavy workloads, limited decision-making power, and
unequal access to and control over resources can prevent
women and men from adopting resilience strategies.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Gender is increasingly recognised as a decisive factor in climate change
adaptation, mitigation planning and implementation,
but limitations remain.
Comprehending the specific context and lives of the women and
men is critical to support women’s leadership and voice and
effectively transform negative gendered roles.
DECISIONMAKING
The impacts of climate change are, to a significant degree, determined by the fulfilment
of rights and the distribution of resources and power among people, at home and in the
community. Gender is a critical factor in this and women and men, girls and boys in
Vietnam have different life chances, opportunities, resources and rewards that shape the
way they can respond to a changing climate.
ªª Understand
resilience:
common
approaches
and
activities on gender in climate change tend to overlook
both the differences between women, and the factors
apart from gender that influence women and men’s
different abilities to make critical resilience decisions.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
Climate change acts as a risk multiplier, exacerbating existing hazards
and vulnerabilities and creating new ones.
KEY POINTS
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Climate change poses major global challenges, but its implications for lives and livelihoods
in Vietnam are very local.
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE
CARE seeks to better understand how gender and other factors intersect to influence people’s
vulnerability and capacity to respond to climate change, through approaches including:
• gender and power analyses;
• gender sensitive climate risk, vulnerability and capacity analyses;
• inclusive planning;
• and monitoring change from a gender perspective.
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The multi-stakeholder, multi-level methodology also aligned with the Government’s Social-Economic
Development Planning processes, which promoted government ownership, sustainability, and
prioritisation of community based adaptation activities. Led by the Vietnam Women’s Union, the
planning process involved relevant departments and stakeholders and achieved successful integration
of gender sensitive CBA actions into higher-level Socio-Economic Development Plans. This approach
showcased the opportunity to involve mass organizations such as the Women’s Union, building on
their network to expand the reach of CBA planning. Local authorities also expressed that they felt
better connected and informed about how women and men are impacted by and responding to
climate change.
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
At the community level, in both women-only and mixed planning groups, women were given the space
and support to make decisions on various adaptation strategies. After two years of CBA planning in 33
villages and 5 communes, it was noted that women’s participation in village affairs increased.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
The project also developed a Gender Action Plan to understand the gender issues on each of the
projects outputs and outcomes, and promote a focus on gender issues during implementation across
all activities. A ‘traffic light’ based Progress Tracker was introduced to monitor progress on gender
integration in activities, including those supporting women’s empowerment.
DECISIONMAKING
For example, the Integrated Community Based Adaptation in the Mekong (ICAM) project, funded
by the Australian Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade, used inclusive Community Based
Adaptation (CBA) Planning. This enabled women to express their experiences of climate change,
develop appropriate adaptation strategies, and ensure that government level planning considered
the impacts of diverse factors, including gender.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
A dynamic interplay of factors including gender, ethnicity, poverty, age and disability shape a person’s
life experience. Gender inequality characterises the communities where CARE works, but this doesn’t mean
that all women are disempowered, or that all men are more powerful than all women. For many women,
such as ethnic minority women or women with a disability, gender is not the only factor (or even the most
important) that constrains their opportunities. Without understanding the diverse needs and strengths of
various groups of women, resilience activities may be ineffective, inaccessible or even harmful.
UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE: CARE IN ACTION
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
To develop appropriate adaptation actions we need to better understand how gender and other
factors shape people’s climate resilience.
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE: MA RIM’S INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY-BASED CLIMATE
ADAPTATION ENABLED HER TO HAVE A STRONGER VOICE
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Ma Rim (on the right) is a Cham woman from An Giang province, in the Mekong Delta. Many Cham people
in An Giang live and work on the river or close to the water. Increasingly erratic rainfall, floods and storms
as a result of climate change have further increased the challenges faced by the Cham people and others
who depend on the water.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
“We used our boat to go from work to work, from place to place, wherever there was something
to do. Travelling so much and living together on one cramped space was not easy for my children,
and I couldn’t afford to send them to school. I also never felt safe; every year we have rains and
floods so I was always terrified something could happen. When we had strong winds, we had to
jump into the water to hold our boat, protect our children and save our belongings.”
DECISIONMAKING
The risks that Ma Rim faced as a result of climate change were exacerbated by her position as a Cham
woman. Cham people have less access to land and services, and Cham women especially so; they are
traditionally expected to remain at home, have limited opportunities for education, and do not have a
strong voice in household and community decision-making.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
“As a Cham ethnic minority woman, I have not previously been able to join community meetings,
and I missed out on a lot of information. Traditionally in the past, Cham women always stayed
at home and did not go to school. We were told what to do by our husbands.”
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
Alongside numerous Cham women, in September 2013, Ma Rim joined one of the many village climate
change adaptation meetings, organised by CARE together with the local Women’s Union as part of the
ICAM project. During these meetings, the women enthusiastically discussed past, current and future
weather and climate trends, how it impacted their daily lives and community in different ways and what
people could do about it. By enabling Ma Rim and other Cham women to participate in the conversation
about climate change, they can become more resilient and also be able to better support their families
and communities.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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“Participating in these exercises was fun but has also taught me a lot about how and why
the weather changes so much lately and how my village will be affected. I now know better
what to do and I listen more frequently to weather forecasts. It’s been very helpful for all of us
Cham women; Cham men and women are now more equal and I am more involved. I value the
importance of knowledge and education much more, and I will pass this on to my children.”
INTRODUCTION
GENDER-BASED BARRIERS TO RESILIENCE: DIVISION OF LABOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS
EMWE has established these community networks of ‘male champions’ who support changes
in gender roles, with a focus on increasing men’s contribution to household domestic work
and supporting women’s decision-making. These simultaneous approaches – targeting women
for capacity building and targeting men to make positive changes in gender roles – increase
EMWE’s ability to promote community resilience to climate change.
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
8
Recognising that women’s empowerment is often limited by a failure to engage men, EMWE
actively involves men in activities to promote gender equality. After conducting an action
research on resilient livelihoods options, the results are first presented to the women-only
groups. In this forum women independently select and prioritize livelihood options for
implementation. After this, a separate group brings together the women’s husbands to further
discuss the livelihood options selected by their wives, raise potential challenges in adopting
these livelihoods and identify how men can support their wives during the implementation of
the resilient livelihoods.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Interventions must recognise and transform
women and men’s gendered roles – whether
agricultural or non-agricultural, in a rural or
urban context – to avoid doing harm.
The Ethnic Minority Women’s Empowerment (EMWE) project in Northern Vietnam, funded by
the Australian Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade, takes a holistic approach to increasing
climate resilience and promoting gender equality in ethnic minority communities. EMWE
supports women to establish women-only groups, which provide a safe space within which
women can support each other and gain confidence through learning about climate change
and new techniques for climate resilient livelihood options.
DECISIONMAKING
Because of their typical roles in the home and
family, women are often targeted as ‘agents
of change’ in actions on natural resources
management and resilient livelihoods. While
these actions aim to increase women’s
knowledge about climate risks and impacts,
their resilience capacity, and their role in
leadership positions, they can also add an
additional burden to women’s already heavy
workloads.
For lasting transformations in lives and livelihoods, the unequal opportunities and power
dynamics that shape women and men’s resilience need to be addressed. CARE works with
men and boys as well as with women and girls to support them to make changes to increase
women’s ability to make decisions about and apply new resilience strategies.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
Men and women have distinct gendered roles
in agricultural production, income generation,
management of natural resources and household
activities. Men tend to have more authority
and control of power and resources within
the household and community. Commonly,
women’s workloads are greater than men’s –
women have primary responsibility for unpaid
domestic and care work, and are also expected
to contribute to the household income.
ADDRESSING DIVISION OF LABOUR: CARE IN ACTION
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
In Vietnam, highly gendered roles and
responsibilities mean higher workloads and
lower recognition of women for their work.
SHIFTING POWER IN DECISION-MAKING: CARE IN ACTION
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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RECOMMENDATIONS
CARE recognises that promoting women’s leadership and equal decision-making requires changes in
multiple areas:
• women’s own sense of entitlement and confidence;
• expectations about women’s and men’s roles and relationships;
• and the social and political structures that surround her.
CARE learned that although there were multiple challenges and setbacks, long term investment in building
the capacity of the Women’s Union beyond their mandate pays off. At the project closing workshop
the Provincial People’s Committee recognized the Women’s Union for their role in CBA planning and
mainstreaming, project management and coordination, and invited the Women’s Union to be involved in
the implementation of the Government’s New Rural Development Program.
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
For women from ethnic minority groups in particular, their ability to take up new resilient livelihoods and
put it into practice is impacted by a lack of decision-making and financial control in the household. Gender
norms also constrain women’s ability to travel and access information. As a result, ethnic minority women
are less likely to have access to knowledge about climate change impacts and resilient livelihood options.
The Integrated Community-based Adaptation in the Mekong (ICAM) project has worked closely with
the Women’s Union to strengthen women’s role in local governance structures. ICAM actively promoted
Women’s Union members’ leadership and involvement in multiple aspects of resilience programming,
broadening their skills and expertise in: livelihood implementation, disaster preparedness and response,
climate risk analysis and planning, project implementation and monitoring and evaluation. As a result,
the Women’s Union gained capacity and grew with the challenge.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Women in Vietnam have less decision-making power within the home and the community compared with
men, whilst government departments that make key decisions over resilience are generally also male
dominated. This can prevent them from adopting new resilient actions.
DECISIONMAKING
An unequal balance of power in the home, community and the authorities limits women’s ability to
make decisions to increase resilience.
As a result, women feel more confident to take resilience actions, and are better able to voice their
opinions and influence local planning. In CASI, women-led groups successfully had their selected
resilient livelihoods integrated into the local government’s Socio-Economic Development Plan while less
resilient trees or crops were taken out of it. The women were also asked by the local authorities to join
community monitoring teams and keep contributing valuable and new ideas. CARE learned that economic
empowerment must go hand in hand with support to women’s voice and leadership.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
Under CARE’s Civil Action for Socio-economic Inclusion (CASI) project, funded by DANIDA, the local
NGO Agriculture and Forestry Research and Development Center for the Mountainous Region (ADC)
has supported farmer interest groups, most of them women-led, to identify and implement indigenous
knowledge-based resilient livelihoods. In addition, ADC offered grants to women-led groups to train
their members on group management, representation and facilitation skills, and provided networking
opportunities to link up the groups and promote exchange and learning.
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
In climate-change programming, CARE uses proactive approaches to build women’s confidence, ensures
that both women and men can meaningfully contribute to public decision-making forums (such as
community-based adaptation planning) and promotes women’s leadership (for example, in search and
rescue teams).
INTRODUCTION
GENDER-BASED BARRIERS TO RESILIENCE: UNEQUAL POWER IN
DECISION-MAKING
CARE’s Integrated Community-based Adaptation in the Mekong (ICAM) project sought to improve community
resilience; it worked to reinvigorate the search and rescue team by recruiting and training new members, and
tapping into the potential of women. Thi Da had attended the Women’s Union and CARE’s courses on climate
change impacts and adaptation, and brought what she had learned to the wider community, especially other
women. Her improved understanding lead her to volunteer for the search and rescue team, and she is now
trained in first aid, house-strengthening, and search and rescue.
Enabling women like Thi Da to become leading figures within climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction increases resilience for the whole community; more women have both the confidence and skills to
contribute to disaster preparedness and response, and reducing the risk for men, women and children from the
impacts of extreme weather.
DECISIONMAKING
“I encourage people, particularly women, to take action to protect the environment, to adapt to
changing conditions and to be ready to respond in emergency events. Thanks to these training
courses, I also know how to give first aid to others. For example, I learnt that bandaging the wound
properly is very important, because if it is not treated properly from the beginning, the injury is less
likely to heal properly. I think other women in the community should know more about these skills to
protect themselves and to rescue others in emergencies.”
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
The area in which Thi Da lives is prone to tropical storms and drought, which are becoming more intense and
unpredictable as a result of climate change. As part of disaster preparedness, a search and rescue team existed
to warn offshore fishermen and local residents about weather risks. The team is usually made up mostly of male
volunteers, however in recent years, many men are migrating away from the region to find work, and the team
became dormant. Women were not involved as there are assumptions that women are unable to do this difficult job;
by not recognising their abilities, the risk from extreme weather events for the whole community was increased.
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Lan Thi Thi Da (second from left) is a Khmer woman from Soc Trang province in the Mekong Delta. She is the
chairperson of the Women’s Union in her village and a member of a commune-level search and rescue team which
spans 11 villages and now has 22 women members.
Thi Da is proud that she has shown that she can do what male members of the team can do, and she now occupies an
important position within the community in times of emergency. Her contribution is also recognised by her husband,
who respects her new role and encourages her to take part in the training courses.
INTRODUCTION
POWER IN DECISION-MAKING: THI DA IS A LEADER IN COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
RECOMMENDATIONS
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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While women-only groups provide valuable forums for women to increase their confidence, CARE has
learned that increased confidence within women-only spaces does not automatically lead to increased
confidence in the broader community. CARE in Vietnam recognises that more learning is needed in
supporting women to exercise voice outside of women’s groups to bring about meaningful changes.
RECOMMENDATIONS
CARE learned that implementation through groups is preferable to individual-based approaches and
that this advantage can be further amplified if the groups are not just targets, but also become
vehicles through which climate-resilient practices can be promoted throughout the community.
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
Through training and discussions on topics such as climate resilient production techniques, land law
and gender equality, members of these groups are no longer shy of speaking their mind and voicing
their needs. One LARC participant explained; “Women now actively speak their opinions, sometimes
even more actively than men”.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
CARE in Vietnam has developed Legal Awareness and Rights Clubs (LARC) – a model of women-only
groups that promotes women’s solidarity, voice and confidence. Through participation in LARCs, ethnic
minority women have gained increased confidence to participate in local planning, in terms of quantity
(with more women attending meetings which were previously almost exclusively attended by men) as
well as quality.
DECISIONMAKING
As a result of women’s lack of control over capital and ‘big’ household assets, it is often challenging for women
to access resources such as credit and other inputs that could increase their incomes, resilience capacity,
and ability to make longer-term investments (e.g. paying school fees, improving housing). Transforming
the gender dimensions of power over resources is needed to address the resilience of individuals and the
community.
To promote livelihood diversification, resilience and access to credit for ethnic minority women,
the Integrated Community-based Adaptation in the Mekong (ICAM) project included a women’s led
microfinance-for-livelihoods component. Women-only groups were established to facilitate access to
credit at the community level. ICAM’s target communities included the Cham Muslim minority. For
religious reasons, Cham cannot pay interest on loans and were therefore prevented from taking loans
under existing microfinance systems. The project worked with the Women’s Union to customize their
system so that all women could access the loans.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
Traditional gender norms in Vietnam give women and men different access to and control over resources
and assets. In households depending on agricultural-based livelihoods men typically have responsibility for
‘big’ household assets such as buffalos, boats and land, and women have responsibility for ‘small’ assets like
chickens or kitchen gardens. This unequal distribution of assets impacts on women’s access to resources
needed to adapt to climate change.
CARE facilitates women’s increased engagement in climate-resilient livelihood activities by improving
their access to credit. Women’s participation in community-based groups such as savings and loans
associations (pictured right), micro-credit groups or farmer interest groups enables women to improve
their livelihood resilience through greater access to credit, information and training, and increased
confidence through occupying new roles within the groups.
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Unequal access to assets and resources challenges women’s adoption of resilient livelihood strategies.
IMPROVING ACCESS TO ASSETS AND RESOURCES: CARE IN ACTION
INTRODUCTION
GENDER-BASED BARRIERS TO RESILIENCE: UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ASSETS AND
RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
ACCESS TO RESOURCES: THUY HAS ACCESS TO LAND AND MANAGES IT SUSTAINABLY TO
GENERATE PROFIT
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Nguyen Thi Thuy is a Tay woman who lives in the remote village of Na Xoong, in Lang Son province, a
mountainous region in the north of Vietnam. A widow since 2013, she lives with her adult son. Thuy and
the other 76 inhabitants of her village rely on the forest to live, collecting firewood and harvesting food.
However, until recently, they did not have any legal documents which confirmed their right to land.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
“There are so many useful things to collect, for instance firewood, bamboo shoots to eat, and all kinds
of healing herbs. The forest is a very important part of my life.”
DECISIONMAKING
CARE’s Civil Action for Socio-economic Inclusion (CASI) project, funded by DANIDA, worked with local
organisation Culture Identity and Resource Use Management (CIRUM) to ensure that Thuy and other
residents of Na Xoong received their ‘red book’ - the ownership certificate for the land on which they
live. Now, Thuy can invest in her area of land in a way, she has never dared to do before; she knows
that she has the law on her side and that her land is secure.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Besides registering their legal rights to the land, Nguyen Thi Thuy and her neighbours have also learned
to take better care of the forest, and introduce sustainable and climate resilient practices which will in
turn support their livelihoods.
“We have been trained to manage the forest and to protect it. We have learned how to pick off plant
shoots so that the plants can grow stronger, and we have learned how to clear an area so the trees can
grow freely and become bigger.”
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
Thuy is putting her legal rights and new-found knowledge to good use, by leading a livelihood group
which produces tea. The group was founded in August 2013 by CIRUM through CARE and consists of
10 women from various villages, who meet once a month to collect tea leaves. The women sell 150
tea bags a month, which is a number carefully selected as a result of an assessment of the amount of
leaves which can be collected whilst ensuring the sustainability of the forest.
RECOMMENDATIONS
One half of the tea is sold in the district while the other half – with support from CIRUM – is sold in Hanoi for
a higher price. As a result, each member of the tea group is now making a profit from their work; by being able
to access and manage their resources, they are becoming both more resilient and economically empowered.
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CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
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“I am happy because although I had enough food before the project,
this is the first time I have ever had an actual profit!”
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19
RESOURCES
Appropriate services are available
to meet women’s, men’s boys’
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Women can control their own fertility
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
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healthy, educated, safe and food and
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ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
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DECISIONMAKING
WOMEN AND MEN HAVE THEIR BASIC
NEEDS MET THROUGH APPROPRIATE
SERVICES, LEGISLATION, RESOURCES AND
SECURE INCOME
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
A RESILIENT, GENDER-EQUAL
COMMUNITY IN VIETNAM
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IAL
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ND AN NS
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tp a
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en
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rtic d a nd em eh
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as legitimate by men
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ise
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This set of characteristics is built on CARE’s Community
Based Adaptation Framework and Women’s Empowerment
Framework. It was produced in a workshop that
explored the inte rsection of efforts to increase
W
LIM OME
the resilience of a community and those
AT N A
Social p
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rotectio
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n polic
to transform unhelpful gender
the nee
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oth wo
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ES ATI ON
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ILIE ON FID
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is m
the characteristics of a
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f
R
n
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m
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ining a
ake
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community in Vietnam
nd lead
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s
ou n
ND
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me gh and nce d he (on
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h
r
nted so
been achieved.
ds r-re n, esp ) i icu
measure
cial
o
a
s
CLIMAT
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Drawing on the practical experience reflected in this issue,
ARE
STEMS E AND
Y
S
O
CARE has developed a Framework for Gender Transformative
C
US
EE
R THE
INABL
SUSTA MANAGED FO OMMUNITY
Adaptation in Vietnam. This is intended as a guide for
LY
EC
ECTIVE F THE WHOL
F
F
E
future gender-and-resilience programming and a
IT O
BENEF
ND
A
E
l
contribution to discussions about gender
AD AT
natura
anage
, LE CLIM ES
m
d
o
e
c
r
E
a
men
and climate change. It is based on the
h sh
IAT AND VITI
n and
throug
e
T
s
m
I
o
m
n
i
e
W
t
ion
sys
IN E
TI
sentat
nd eco
knowledge that efforts are needed
EN VERS D AC
l repre
ns nt
a
urces a
u
o
levels
s
q
o
e
e
M
r
i
le
I OO
is ece
ultip
s and
D
d
m
D
c
a
t
a
lo
e
k
N
s
r
d
n
that go beyond viewing all
wo
A
IH
NT
dd s
positio
oo acces l pay
y
EN EME IVEL
dership
h
a
i
le
M
l
equalit
a
L
women as more vulnerable
ender
ve
ive le to equ
g
i
l
e
WO -IMPL ENT
t
t
o
t
en
ke b e
prom
uc s
anagem
ntions
ma ly a ceiv
rod ult
CO ESILI
than all men.
rces m
u
o
Interve
s
en ual re
e
d p ad
r
l
GENDER TRANSFORMATIVE ADAPTATION IN VIETNAM
INTRODUCTION
INTEGRATED APPROACH: FRAMEWORK FOR
UNDERSTAND GENDER AND OTHER SOURCES OF INEQUALITY TO PLAN APPROPRIATE
RESILIENCE ACTIONS
MONITOR CHANGES IN GENDER INEQUALITY THROUGHOUT CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION AND ACT ON ISSUES THAT ARISE
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
RECOMMENDATIONS
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
21
RESOURCES
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
20
ªª Facilitate equal access to and control over productive resources, markets and services including
land, water, inputs, agro-climate information and both financial and extension services.
ªª Work with men and boys to shift social expectations and relationships. Organise men-only
activities as an entry point to talk with them about men and women’s roles in resilient livelihoods
and how men can support the women apply new techniques. Ensure that strategies to engage
men and boys support women’s empowerment and don’t divert limited resources away from
activities that benefit women.
ªª Promote sustainable ecosystems that are effectively managed for the use and benefit of both
men and women. Ensure equal and meaningful participation in REDD+ and Payment for Ecosystem
Services initiatives and decision-making.
ªª Support women with climate responsive safety nets and social protection. Specifically address
the needs of and barriers faced by women in participating and benefiting from them.
ªª Take action to increase women’s sense of entitlement and confidence. Women’s groups, womenonly trainings or consultation meetings can be a good first step to build women’s confidence in a
safe space. However, it is important that these groups are brought into contact with the broader
community to ensure that improvements in confidence are not limited to women-only spaces.
DECISIONMAKING
ªª Set up systems to track progress towards gender equality, including the collection of sexdisaggregated data, use of indicators that specifically measure changes in gender norms, and the
inclusion of women and men in project M&E and reflection activities.
ªª Consider how activities may impact on a range of gendered dimensions and ask questions to
monitor change in communities, such as:
»» Is the division of labour between women and men changing? Compare unpaid household tasks
and work that earns cash income.
»» Are there any changes in women’s voices in public decision-making forums? Are there more
examples of women’s leadership? Consider project specific forums, governance consultations
and traditional meetings.
»» Which new tasks or responsibilities are coming to women? Are women gaining increased access
to and control over resources crucial for adaptation?
»» Are women aware of their rights? Do they have confidence to seek and take new opportunities?
ªª Allocate budget for gender integration, gender tracking and for specific actions that promote
gender equality and women’s empowerment.
Integrated activities that promote improved livelihood security (through diversification as well as
resilience), community-based natural resource management and women-led economic development
offer a useful approach, for example:
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
ªª Conduct a gender and power analysis at the beginning of a new program, project or activity to
inform the development of a project or program Gender Action Plan.
ªª Draw on existing resources and tools – see Resources on page 22.
FOR LASTING CHANGE AND RESILIENCE, ADDRESS POWER AND RESOURCES IMBALANCES IN
THE HOUSEHOLD AND COMMUNITY AND TRANSFORM GENDERED ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Through its work, CARE in Vietnam has confirmed that efforts to address climate change must seek
to transform gender inequality to achieve win-win results. To further this in practice some key
recommendations can be made.
INTRODUCTION
RECOMMENDATIONS: THE WAY FORWARD
This learning series was co-authored by Miguel Coulier, Elizabeth Cowan, and Julie Webb. It has been supported by
the Integrated Community-based Adaptation in the Mekong (ICAM) project, funded by the Australian Department for
Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Photographs by: Giang Pham/CARE (p. 1, 4, 12-13, 23), Sascha Montag/CARE (p.2-3), Tran Phan Thai Giang/CARE (p.7),
CARE in Vietnam (p.8, 14), Cathrine Dolleris/CARE (p.10, 20-21), Jorgen Petersen/CARE (p.17)
Editing and design by Louise Cotrel-Gibbons.
DIVISION OF
LABOUR
DECISIONMAKING
Tackling the Double Injustice of Climate Change and Gender Inequality.
Agnes Otzelberger, CARE Poverty, Environment and Climate Change Network. 2014.
This position paper presents the causes and consequences of gender inequality
and climate change impacts, the rationale and CARE’s vision for integration, and
key recommendations from CARE’s Climate Change Network for governments
and practitioners.
ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Planning for Resilience: A Practitioner’s Manual To Support Communitybased Adaptation to Climate Change. CARE in Vietnam. 2015.
This step-by-step guide leads project teams through the community-based
adaptation planning process, whilst highlighting the considerations towards
gender that must be made throughout. It also includes all the participatory
tools and exercises that teams will need to complete community-based
adaptation planning.
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
RECOMMENDATIONS
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
CARE International in Vietnam | Learning Series Issue 1 | July 2015
23
RESOURCES
Good Practice Framework on Gender Analysis. CARE. 2012.
This document discusses basic concepts of gender and introduces key areas
for questions to take into consideration when undergoing a gender analysis.
For each area, this brief provides examples of questions that a gender analysis
may want to explore, taking into account the women’s empowerment domains
of agency, structures and relations.
22
UNDERSTANDING
RESILIENCE
Making it Count: Integrating Gender into Climate Change and Disaster
Risk Reduction. CARE in Vietnam, GIZ and UN Women. 2015.
This how-to guide is geared towards those implementing programs or projects with climate
change or disaster risk reduction foci or considerations. The guide raises the questions to
be asked when working to integrate gender and climate change programming, and offers
practical tips, tools and resources to support this process.
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
RESOURCES
CARE INTERNATIONAL IN VIETNAM
LEARNING SERIES
CARE International in Vietnam’s Learning Series outlines key issues which CARE is currently tackling,
highlights CARE’s approaches, and raises questions and recommendations for future action.
ªª Issue 1. Win-Win Results: Gender equality within climate change programming
ªª Issue 2. Rethinking Resilience: Social protection in the context of climate change in Vietnam
CARE International is a leading humanitarian organisation working for global poverty reduction and social justice by
empowering women and girls. Since 1989, CARE in Vietnam has worked in almost all of Vietnam’s 64 provinces, on
over 200 projects. Today, CARE International in Vietnam primarily focuses on ensuring long-term positive change for
marginalised groups, especially women, by tackling the underlying causes of poverty, vulnerability, and social injustice.
CARE International in Vietnam
P.O. Box 20 Hanoi
92 To Ngoc Van Road
Tay Ho District
Hanoi, Vietnam
(+84) 4 3716 1930
[email protected]
www.care.org.au/vietnam
www.careclimatechange.org
©July 2015 CARE International in Vietnam
This document was printed with the support of the Australian
Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade. This support does
not imply endorsement by the Australian Government.
This learning series was printed on recyled paper.