Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Respiratory System -the system for exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the cells of the body 1. Ventilation -movement of air in and out of the lungs; breathing 2. External Respiration -the exchange of gases between the air of the lungs and the blood 3. Transport -transport of gases by the blood between the blood and the cells of the body 4. Internal Respiration -exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body 5. Cellular Respiration -the process of oxygen utilization and production of Carbon dioxide by the cells of the body 6. Maintaining Homeostasis -supplying oxygen is necessary to provide energy for the cell, while removal of Carbon dioxide is needed to maintain homeostasis (pH) The Pathway of Inspired Air Nasal cavity Soft palate Nostrils (nares) Hard palate Oral cavity Tongue Uvula The Pathway of Inspired Air Frontal sinus Nasal cavity Superior Nasal conchae Middle Inferior Sphenoidal sinus Soft palate Nostrils (nares) Hard palate Oral cavity Tongue Uvula Pharyngeal tonsil Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil The Pathway of Inspired Air Frontal sinus Superior Nasal conchae Middle Inferior Sphenoidal sinus Nasal cavity Soft palate Nostrils (nares) Nasopharynx Hard palate Oral cavity Tongue Oropharynx Epiglottis Hyoid Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Tracheal cartilages Laryngopharynx Vocal cord Glottis False vocal cord Esophagus Trachea Pharynx (throat) The Pathway of Inspired Air Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Right primary bronchus Right superior lobe Laryngopharynx Vocal cord Tracheal cartilages False vocal cord Esophagus Trachea Left superior lobe Right middle lobe Right inferior lobe Left inferior lobe The Pathway of Inspired Air Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Right primary bronchus Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchus Terminal bronchiole Alveolus Laryngopharynx Vocal cord Tracheal cartilages False vocal cord Esophagus Trachea The Pathway of Inspired Air Alveolus to pulmonary veins 21% O2 16% O2 from pulmonary artery Inspiration of Air How Does Air Move? H Sternocleidomastoid elevates sternum Pectoralis minor raises ribs According to Boyle: to make pressure go down, increase the volume External intercostals pull ribs up and out L L Diaphragm lowers floor of thoracic cavity Expiration of Air How Does Air Move? L According to Boyle: to make pressure go up, decrease the volume Rectus abdominus, Transverus abdominus, Internal oblique, and External oblique contract to force diaphragm higher Internal intercostals pull ribs down and in H H Diaphragm relaxes and floor of thoracic cavity recoils elastically Respiratory System 1. Nose -contains nostrils, or external nares through which air can enter or exit -internal hairs guard openings, preventing inhalation of large particles 2. Nasal Cavity -separated from cranial cavity by ethmoid bone and from oral cavity by hard palate -divided medially by the nasal septum 2. Nasal cavity 1. Nose Rx - Deviated Septum -bending of the nasal septum during birth or during childhood -common cause of breathing difficulties and snoring Respiratory System 2. Nasal Cavity -each side divided into passageways called meati by nasal conchae, which increase the surface area of the mucous membranes -lined with mucous membranes, which warm (or cool) and moisten the air, and trap and push particles towards the pharynx, where they are mostly swallowed and disposed of in the stomach, digested by gastric juices mucous particle cilia goblet cell cilated epithelial cell Respiratory System 3. Sinuses -air spaces in the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones that open into the nasal cavity and are lined with the same mucous membranes -help warm, moisten, and filter air, and resonate the voice Rx - Sinusitis -inflammation of the sinuses due to infection or allergic reaction 3. Sphenoidal sinus 3. Frontal sinus -inflammation blocks drainage into nasal cavity, creating pressure, headache 2. Nasal cavity 4. Pharynx 1. Nose 4. Pharynx -throat -common passageway for food moving from the oral cavity to the esophagus, and for air moving from nasal (oral) cavity to the larynx