Download Class Notes - WordPress.com

Cornell Notes
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Topic:__21.1-The Respiratory
Name: ___________________________________
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Date: ____________________________
System____ ______________
Essential Question:
Questions/Main Ideas:
Anatomy of the
Respiratory System
Organs of Respiratory
System
Notes:
 Contains organs that transport oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide to and from the blood
Nose
1. Nose
 External nose (on face)
 Nasal cavity (posterior to external nose)
o Nasal septum divides nose and nasal cavity into
left and right sides
o Nasal cavity lined with ciliated mucous
membrane- filters bacteria, smoke and dust
particles from air
o Warms and moistened air that passes through it
o Upper part of Nasal cavity- nerves to sense
ordors
o Lower part of nasal cavity- palate (Top part of
mouth)
 Hard Palate: Anterior (Front) of mouthmade of bones that grow and suture
together as embryo
 Soft Palate: Posterior (Back) of mouthmuscle tissue- ends in uvula (structure that
moves posteriorly and superiorly (back and
upward) to prevent food from entering nasal
cavities
 Nasal sinuses- air filled cavities (open to nasal
cavity or to throat)
o lined with ciliated mucous membrane- mucus
continually drains from sinus into two openings
o If membranes infected, sinuses= painful or
congested
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
1. Muscular tube (13 cm) lined with ciliated mucous
membrane
2. Extends from back of nasal cavity to esophagus
3. Has 7 openings:
 2 from back of nasal cavities- for airflow
 2 passageways to middle ear called Eustachian
tube- equalizes air pressure
 Opening to mouth- for food and air passage
 Entrance to esophagus- passage for food to
stomach
 Entrance to larynx- passage for air to trachea
1. Short passage that leads from pharynx to trachea
2. Walls consist of cartilaginous tissue held together
by muscles and ligaments
3. Have pair of mucous membrane folds called Vocal
cords
 The vocal cords vibrate as air from lungs
move over them- makes sound
 Glottis- space between vocal cords
 Epiglottis- flap of tissue that covers glottis
when swallowing (prevents food from
entering lungs)
Trachea (wind pipe)
Bronchi (pl.)
Bronchus (s.)
Lungs
1. Structure: ~12cm tube from larynx to bronchi, lined
with ciliated mucous membrane
 traps dust and foreign materials
 cilia moves particles up to pharynx-swallowed
and destroyed by stomach acid
2. ~2.5cm wide, supported by C-shaped cartilaginous
rings
 muscular and membranous tissues between Crings provide flexibility- neck can rotate w/o
damage to trachea
3. trachea ends behind heart- divides into two bronchi
1. tube that leads from trachea to lung (one tube for
each lung)
2. Structure: Similar to trachea but smaller in diameter
and have complete cartilaginous rings (for
protection)
1. Site of gas exchange between external environment
and lungs
2. Pleura- delicate membrane that lines both thoracic
cavity and covers lungs
3.
4.
5.
6.
 In between lungs and lining of cavity is the
pleural fluid- provides lubricant to reduce
friction between lungs and cavity
Right lung: 3 lobed; Left Lung: 2 lobed
Each lobe receives branch of bronchus which
divides into smaller branches:
bronchialbronchioles  alveoli (microscopic
bubble like sacs)
~300 million alveoli in lung tissue
Capillaries (blood vessels that are 1 layer of
epithelial cells thick) surround alveoli- where gas
exchange occurs