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Cornell Notes Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article during class, power point, movies (if need to collect info.) Topic:__21.1-The Respiratory Name: ___________________________________ Class: _________________ Period: ________ Date: ____________________________ System____ ______________ Essential Question: Questions/Main Ideas: Anatomy of the Respiratory System Organs of Respiratory System Notes: Contains organs that transport oxygen and Carbon Dioxide to and from the blood Nose 1. Nose External nose (on face) Nasal cavity (posterior to external nose) o Nasal septum divides nose and nasal cavity into left and right sides o Nasal cavity lined with ciliated mucous membrane- filters bacteria, smoke and dust particles from air o Warms and moistened air that passes through it o Upper part of Nasal cavity- nerves to sense ordors o Lower part of nasal cavity- palate (Top part of mouth) Hard Palate: Anterior (Front) of mouthmade of bones that grow and suture together as embryo Soft Palate: Posterior (Back) of mouthmuscle tissue- ends in uvula (structure that moves posteriorly and superiorly (back and upward) to prevent food from entering nasal cavities Nasal sinuses- air filled cavities (open to nasal cavity or to throat) o lined with ciliated mucous membrane- mucus continually drains from sinus into two openings o If membranes infected, sinuses= painful or congested Pharynx (throat) Larynx (voice box) 1. Muscular tube (13 cm) lined with ciliated mucous membrane 2. Extends from back of nasal cavity to esophagus 3. Has 7 openings: 2 from back of nasal cavities- for airflow 2 passageways to middle ear called Eustachian tube- equalizes air pressure Opening to mouth- for food and air passage Entrance to esophagus- passage for food to stomach Entrance to larynx- passage for air to trachea 1. Short passage that leads from pharynx to trachea 2. Walls consist of cartilaginous tissue held together by muscles and ligaments 3. Have pair of mucous membrane folds called Vocal cords The vocal cords vibrate as air from lungs move over them- makes sound Glottis- space between vocal cords Epiglottis- flap of tissue that covers glottis when swallowing (prevents food from entering lungs) Trachea (wind pipe) Bronchi (pl.) Bronchus (s.) Lungs 1. Structure: ~12cm tube from larynx to bronchi, lined with ciliated mucous membrane traps dust and foreign materials cilia moves particles up to pharynx-swallowed and destroyed by stomach acid 2. ~2.5cm wide, supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings muscular and membranous tissues between Crings provide flexibility- neck can rotate w/o damage to trachea 3. trachea ends behind heart- divides into two bronchi 1. tube that leads from trachea to lung (one tube for each lung) 2. Structure: Similar to trachea but smaller in diameter and have complete cartilaginous rings (for protection) 1. Site of gas exchange between external environment and lungs 2. Pleura- delicate membrane that lines both thoracic cavity and covers lungs 3. 4. 5. 6. In between lungs and lining of cavity is the pleural fluid- provides lubricant to reduce friction between lungs and cavity Right lung: 3 lobed; Left Lung: 2 lobed Each lobe receives branch of bronchus which divides into smaller branches: bronchialbronchioles alveoli (microscopic bubble like sacs) ~300 million alveoli in lung tissue Capillaries (blood vessels that are 1 layer of epithelial cells thick) surround alveoli- where gas exchange occurs