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LIVING WORLD – CLASSIFICATION & CELLS Electronic Science LabBook Designed by MSO When you are required to put an answer in this booklet, the point at which you start typing is marked with a red X. Your typed answer should also appear in red. Delete the X leaving just your answer. If you are required to paste or draw something, this is stated in BLUE. You can then photograph your work and paste it into this LabBook. In many experiments and investigations, you will be asked to photograph or video the experiment. You should insert these in the appropriate place in this LabBook. When you are asked to look at a website for information to write an answer don’t just cut and paste the information in. Read the information and write an answer in YOUR OWN WORDS. You may wish to discuss your answer with your classmates and teacher first to make sure you understand it correctly. For additional work (e.g. homework, revision) you will use the following books. You will be told which pages to use. SciPad A Science World 9 textbook (written as SW9) – pages 80-101 Learning outcomes for this topic Classification Distinguish between living and non-living things Describe the life functions that organisms carry out Describe how the classification system works Define a species and explain how a species is named Know that living things are classified into five kingdoms Place plants and animals in the correct groups Describe functional and structural characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms Be able to use and interpret a key Cells Describe the building blocks of living organisms Explain the function of cell structures Distinguish between plant and animal cells Identify parts of a microscope Prepare microscope slides Observe slides through a microscope Describe organisation of cells into tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms Explain the growth of an organism by cell division Describe how cells are involved in reproduction Classification Distinguish between living and non-living things Describe the life functions that organisms carry out Task One Write what these letters stand for M: X R: X S: X C: X G: X R: X E: X N: X If living things perform these functions discuss whether fire, an egg, a shell and a wooden chair are alive or not? Then Complete SciPad pages 111 and 112 Paste pictures of living, dead and non-living things here X Describe how the classification system works Define a species and explain how a species is named Reference SW9 Pg 81-85 Classification is the process of grouping all living things into categories based on their physical similarities and analysis of their DNA. All living things can be subdivided into smaller and smaller groups ending in those called genus and species. Your teacher will explain to you which groups you belong to! Task Two Write a definition of species: X And Google and write the biological, binomial (genus and species) names for: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A polar bear: X A lion: X A kauri tree: X A kiwi: X The bacteria that causes acne: X A humpback whale: X Know that living things are classified into five kingdoms Reference SW9 Pg 84-85 Task Three List the Five kingdoms of Living Things: X and Complete SciPad p.152 Task Four At home Watch the Clickview in Science : “Classification Systems”… then Research the Kingdom assigned to you in class and prepare a digital presentation of that Kingdom’s main features and examples for your class. Place plants and animals in the correct groups Describe functional and structural characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms Reference SW9 Pg 95-100 Task Five The Animal and Plant Kingdoms are the most familiar to you. Each is divided into easily recognised groups which are well described in your textbook. Choose and paste pictures of examples from each of the Plant and Animal Groups. State which groups they belong to and use their biological names. X Complete SciPad exercises on pp. 113 and 114 and pp. 154 to 156 Be able to use and interpret a key Reference SW9 Pg 82-83 Task Six Keys are guides to classifying organisms. Each one is a series of questions that lead you to a final answer. Try the “dichotomous keys” on this site. http://www.biologycorner.com/lesson-plans/evolution-taxonomy/ And complete Sci Pad 157 and 158. Cells Describe the building blocks of living organisms Reference SW9 Pg 104-105 Cells are the basic units of life. All the functions of Living Organisms (that you learned in the previous section) happen because the cells inside them are alive and functional. Although all cells share some features in common, there is in fact no such thing as a “general” cell. Each is specialised to a particular role in the whole organism. e.g. nerve cells are long and thin to carry nerve messages around the body ( a bit like electrical wiring) and muscle cells can contract and relax so you can move. Task One Visit www.cellsalive.com and click on the interactive “How big is a cell” exercise. Look at some pictures of specialised cells on this site. Then search images of many different kinds of plant and animal cells. Paste and label them here X Save some in google drive, your edmodo group or similar so that you can share them Reference SW9 Pg 108. Cells are made of smaller parts. Just as you are made of the organs inside you, the tiny cell structures that make up the cell are called organelles. Below are images of the organelles that all cells have in common. Plant Cells have some extra ones that Animal cells lack. List organelles that a Plant cell has that an Animal cell do not have: X Task Two Complete SciPad page116 Explain the function of basic cell structures Distinguish between plant and animal cells Animal and plant cells Function of organelles found in animal cells AND plant cells Nucleus: X Cytoplasm: X Cell membrane: X Plant cells also have organelles found ONLY in Plant cells: Cell wall: X Chloroplasts: X Permanent vacuole: X Task 3 Create a colourful poster - using your devices – of a plant cell. Annotate each label of an organelle with a brief outline of its function. (Use the above functions as a guide only. There is more explanation in your textbook). Identify parts of a microscope Prepare microscope slides Observe cells through a microscope Reference SW9 Pg 106-107 Task 4 Complete Scipad pages 118-121 Take photos of each step of your slide preparation and insert here X Cells are organised in all living organisms. Describe organisation of cells into tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms Task Five Read the information in your text book page 110. Construct a visual display of images of muscle cells, muscle tissue, muscles and musculoskeletal organs that make up the movement system in a human. Explain the growth of an organism by cell division Cells must be replaced after injury or to make new cells for growth. Each cell has the ability to replicate its organelles and then form TWO new identical cells, in a process called MITOSIS. Task Six Watch the mitosis animation on www.cellsalive.com Where, in a plant or animal, would you expect to find many cells undergoing Mitosis at the same time? Answer X Describe how cells are involved in reproduction Reference SW9 Pg 112-116 Some organisms are made of only one cell – unicellular. These organisms use Mitosis to reproduce identical copies of themselves. This is called ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Paste in a picture showing this happening in a unicellular organism X Task Seven Go to http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/biology/bacteria.html Plants such as strawberry plants also use reproduce asexually - cells in the stems undergo Mitosis and grow sideways stems (runners) which can grow into new plants. As with all asexual reproduction the new plants are identical to the single parent plant. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION This involves specialised male and female cells: sperm and egg in animals and pollen and ova in plants. The purpose is to produce one cell which has DNA from both of the original parent cells, so that this new cell can then grow into a new organism that is different from its parents.