Download Module 3 Exam Review 1. Organic chemistry is the study of which

Module 3 Exam Review
1. Organic chemistry is the study of which element?
2. The molecular formula for glucose, fructose and galactose is C6H12O6. Because they all have
different molecular structures, they are _____.
3. Carbon is unique because it can form a wide variety of compounds. The reason for this is due
to carbon’s ability to form __________ bonds.
4. What is the name of the functional group shown here? R--O-H
5. What is the name of the functional group shown here? R--S-H
6. What is the name of the functional group with this formula –PO42--?
7. An organic molecule with a carbon/water ration of 1:1 is a _____.
8. Which of the nutrients is water insoluble because it has more carbon than oxygen atoms?
9. Multiple amino acids connected with peptide bonds are called a ____________.
10. Monomers as best defined as: ____________________
11. What are the monomers of polysaccharides?
12. What would be the molecular formula of a monosaccharide containing 5 carbons?
13. To be considered a triglyceride there must be a glycerol backbone and _____________.
14. A nutrient monomer with the molecular formula of CH3(CH2)4CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is likely a _____.
15. A nutrient with an amino, carboxyl, and “R” group is called a _______.
16. Polymers are biological molecules that have many __________ hooked together.
17. Because they are monosaccharides containing 5 carbons, ribose and deoxyribose are
________.
18. A polymer of nucleotides is a _____.
19. A compound that contains three or more monosaccharides is a/an:
20. Digestible, stored, polysaccharide in plants is _____.
21. What is the name of the anabolic reaction that connects nutrient monomers to form
polymers?
22. ABO blood groups are characterized by different _____ on the cell’s surface.
23. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls, but cannot be ______________ by humans.
24. Two amino acids that have been combined by a dehydration synthesis reaction is called a
_____. 25. Sucrose is split into glucose and fructose by the enzyme sucrase. This would be an
example of a catabolic reaction known as _____.
26. A disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules is _____.
27. A phospholipid with a carbohydrate chain attached would be called a _____.
28. Which lipid is a major component of all cell membranes?
29. Water insoluble triglycerides and cholesterol are transported in the blood by _____.
30. T/F: To produce energy, carbohydrates can be used both aerobically and anaerobically?
31. A fatty acid with only single covalent bonds between its carbon atoms is said to be:
32. Define amphipathic.
33. In cell membranes the phospholipid heads are found facing _____.
34. Testosterone and estriol are synthesized from which lipid molecule?
35. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes 20-carbon chains formed from arachadonic acid. They are
included in a group of molecules called _____.
36. Prostaglandins function as _____.
37. Name the fat-soluble vitamins.
38. Which of the lipoproteins has the highest protein content?
39. What ion attaches to tyrosine to make thyroxin (T4), a thyroid hormone?
40. There are several levels of organization of protein molecules. The linear sequence of amino
acids joined together by peptide bonds is the ____ structure.
41. The simplest amino acid is glycine because it only has a _____ as its side chain.
42. Hydrogen bonds form the ______________ structure of proteins.
43. A protein that has been denatured is said to have lost its __________.
44. What level o of organization can be denatured?
45. What is the function of regulatory proteins?
46. Actin and myosin proteins in muscle function as _____ proteins.
47. In DNA, what holds the strands of the double helix together?
48. A protein which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed is a
_____.
49. A substrate plus “ase” is the common method for naming _____________.
50. What is the function of RNA?
51. In DNA, the base uracil, in RNA is replaced by:
52. In the DNA double helix, thymine is paired with:
53. What is the function of ATP?
54. Electrical cellular energy would be most likely found in a ____________ impulse.
55. Mechanical cellular energy would be represented by __________ __________.
56. Vitamins and minerals increase the speed of chemical reactions by acting as _____.
57. Vitamins ____ and _____ are water-soluble vitamins.
58. Vitamin A or retinol is required for ________.
59. Vitamin D is required for proper formation of ________.
60. Vitamin K is required for proper formation of _______.
61. Vitamin C is needed for the formation of __________.
62. Folic acid is needed for the proper development of the _________.
63. Chromium deficiency interferes with __________.
64. Iron deficiency interferes with _______.
65. Iodine deficiency interferes with _________.
Use the diagram for the following questions.
66. Which amino acid(s) is/are hydrophobic?
67. Which amino acid(s) is/are hydrophilic?
68. Which amino acid(s) will form ionic bonds?
69. Which amino acid is acidic because it has donated a H+?
70. Which amino acid is basic because it accepts a H+?
Module 3 Exam Review
1. Organic chemistry is the study of which element? carbon
2. The molecular formula for glucose, fructose and galactose is C6H12O6. Because they all have
different molecular structures, they are _____. isomers
3. Carbon is unique because it can form a wide variety of compounds. The reason for this is due to
carbon’s ability to form __________ bonds. four
4. What is the name of the functional group shown here? R--O-H hydroxyl
5. What is the name of the functional group shown here? R--S-H sulfhydryl
6. What is the name of the functional group with this formula –PO42--? phosphate
7. An organic molecule with a carbon/water ration of 1:1 is a _____. carbohydrate
8. Which of the nutrients is water insoluble because it has more carbon than oxygen atoms? lipid
9. Multiple amino acids connected with peptide bonds are called a ____________. polypeptide
10. Monomers as best defined as _____________. single-unit biological molecules
11. What are the monomers of polysaccharides? monosaccharides
12. What would be the molecular formula of a monosaccharide containing 5 carbons? C5H10O5
13. To be considered a triglyceride there must be a glycerol backbone and _____________. 3 fatty
acids
14. A nutrient monomer with the molecular formula of CH3(CH2)4CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is likely a _____. fatty acid
15. A nutrient with an amino, carboxyl, and “R” group is called a _______. amino acid
16. Polymers are biological molecules that have many __________ hooked together. monomers
17. Because they are monosaccharides containing 5 carbons, ribose and deoxyribose are ________.
pentoses
18. A polymer of nucleotides is a _____. nucleic acid
19. A compound that contains three or more monosaccharides is a/an ____. polysaccharide
20. Digestible, stored, polysaccharide in plants is _____. starch
21. What is the name of the anabolic reaction that connects nutrient monomers to form polymers?
dehydration synthesis
22. ABO blood groups are characterized by different _____ on the cell’s surface. glycolipids
23. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls, but cannot be ______________ by humans. digested
24. Two amino acids that have been combined by a dehydration synthesis reaction is called a _____.
dipeptide
25. Sucrose is split into glucose and fructose by the enzyme sucrase. This would be an example of a
catabolic reaction known as _____. hydrolysis
26. A disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules is _____. maltose
27. A phospholipid with a carbohydrate chain attached would be called a _____. glycolipid
28. Which lipid is a major component of all cell membranes? phospholipid
29. Water insoluble triglycerides and cholesterol are transported in the blood by _____. lipoproteins
30. T/F: To produce energy, carbohydrates can be used both aerobically and anaerobically? true
31. A fatty acid with only single covalent bonds between its carbon atoms is said to be_____.
saturated
32. Define amphipathic. a molecule containing both a polar and non-polar region
33. In cell membranes the phospholipid heads are found facing _____. water
34. Testosterone and estriol are synthesized from which lipid molecule? cholesterol
35. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes 20-carbon chains formed from arachadonic acid. They are
included in a group of molecules called _____. eicosanoids
36. Prostaglandins function as _____. local hormones
37. Name the fat-soluble vitamins. A, D, E, K
38. Which of the lipoproteins has the highest protein content? HDL
39. What ion attaches to tyrosine to make thyroxin (T4), a thyroid hormone? iodine
40. There are several levels of organization of protein molecules. The linear sequence of amino acids
joined together by peptide bonds is the ____ structure. primary
41. The simplest amino acid is glycine because it only has a _____ as its side chain. H
42. Hydrogen bonds form the ______________ structure of proteins. secondary
43. A protein that has been denatured is said to have lost its __________. secondary or higher
44. What level of protein organization can’t be denatured? primary
45. What is the function of regulatory proteins? monitor and maintain various physiological
processes
46. Actin and myosin proteins in muscle function at _____ proteins. contractile
47. In DNA, what holds the strands of the double helix together? hydrogen bonds
48. A protein which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed is a _____.
enzyme
49. A substrate plus “ase” is the common method for naming _____________. enzymes
50. What is the function of RNA? protein synthesis
51. In DNA, the base uracil is replaced by _____. thymine
52. In the DNA double helix, thymine is paired with _____. adenine
53. What is the function of ATP? energy storage
54. Electrical cellular energy would be most likely found in a ____________ impulse. nerve
55. Mechanical cellular energy would be represented by __________ __________. muscle
contraction
56. Vitamins and minerals increase the speed of chemical reactions by acting as _____. cofactors
and coenzymes
57. _____ and _____ vitamins are water-soluble vitamins. B and C
58. Vitamin A or retinol is required for ________. vision
59. Vitamin D is required for proper formation of ________. bones
60. Vitamin K is required for proper formation of _______. clots
61. Vitamin C is needed for the formation of __________. collagen
62. Folic acid is needed for the proper development of the _________. embryo
63. Chromium deficiency interferes with __________. insulin function
64. Iron deficiency interferes with _______. RBC function
65. Iodine deficiency interferes with _________. thyroid hormone (thyroxin) production
Use the diagram for the following questions.
66. Which amino acid(s) is/are hydrophobic? Leu
67. Which amino acid(s) is/are hydrophilic? Thr, Glu, and Lys
68. Which amino acid(s) will form ionic bonds? Glu and Lys
69. Which amino acid is acidic because it has donated a H+? Glu
70. Which amino acid is basic because it accepts a H+? Lys