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War Brings Change
The Draft
Draft (legal means of requiring people to serve in the
military) – both sides passed draft laws in 1862 and
1863. Age range was 18-35 years of age. Wealthy
bought their way out of it.
In the North, these laws created violence and unrest
in NYC. Riots and murders occurred. 105 people
died in 1863. The wealthy often bought their way
out of the draft.
Critics questioned Lincoln and his reasons. He
responded by shutting down newspapers, and
imprisoning 13,000 Americans who objected to the
draft or his federal politics.
The Draft
In the South
– Draft: General Robert E. Lee required military
service.
3 years of service for white men ages 18 to
35 (age raised to 45 and then 50).
¼ of men drafted were deserters.
Taxes
The first Federal Income tax. 3% if you made less
than 10K and 5% if you made more than 10K.
Taxes on liquor, tobacco, medicine, newspaper ads,
etc. Most of these taxes ended with the war.
The IRS continued and collected taxes from
individuals and corporations.
Expansion
Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – government offered
public land and money to companies if they would
build a railroad from NE to the Pacific Ocean.
Homestead Act of 1862 – granted 160 acres of
federal land to settlers who improved it within 5
years.
Morrill Act of 1862 – money from the sale of land
went to fund agricultural colleges in each state.
Also, it created the Department of Agriculture to
promote farming.
Lincoln’s response to critics
He put KY under Martial Law (emergency rule
by military authorities during which some of the
Bill of Rights are suspended). He is the only
president to ever exercise this power.
He arrested many reporters who criticized the
U.S. government.
Emancipation Proclamation
Sept. 22, 1862 – Abraham Lincoln
It said, as of Jan. 1, 1863, all enslaved people in
areas of open rebellion against the government
would be free.
It didn’t take immediate action because of the war,
but it was a promise that the slaves would be free
when the Union won. This gave the slaves hope.
Emancipation Proclamation
Many slaves had already set themselves free.
They would escape to an area where the Union
soldiers were. They became contraband (property
seized by the government). The government, as
their legal owner, could declare them free.
Once free, they could fight to free others. African
Americans totaled 180,000 (10% of Union forces).
68,000 were killed/wounded, and 21 received the
Medal of Honor.
Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
He spoke at a dedication ceremony at the
Gettysburg battlefield.
In a short speech, Lincoln explained the
meaning of the war and redefined the
meaning of the United States.
Read Lincoln’s Gettysburg address.
How were his war aims different than they had
been at the beginning of the war?
1864 Election
Lincoln was reelected. Voters now showed
their approval for both his war policy and his
stand against slavery.
In February of 1865, the 13th Amendment was
passed, then ratified in December of 1865.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
–
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction."
Lincoln Assassinated – April 14, 1865
Just 5 days after Confederate surrender,
President Lincoln is attending the play Our
American Cousin at Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C.
Joining Lincoln is Henry Rathbone (major
in Civil War), his fiancé Clara Harris and
Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd.
Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865
Washington, D.C.
Ford’s Theater
“Our American
Cousin”
Lincoln’s funeral
train took 14 days to
travel from D.C. to
Springfield, IL.
Millions of people
lined the railroad
tracks to pay their
respects.
Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth
– The assassin
– Shakespearean actor
– Outraged by Lincoln
and his views on
slavery.
Nine other people were
involved in the
assassination. Four
were hanged, four were
imprisoned, and one
acquitted.
Plans Change
In July of 1964, Booth secretly met with
Confederate soldiers in Boston to organize a
plan to kidnap Lincoln. He wanted to hold him
hostage in exchange for the release of southern
prisoners, to replenish the Confederate troops.
On inauguration day of 1865, Booth and his
conspirators stood a few feet away from Lincoln
speaking. With Lee’s surrender a month later,
the kidnapping plans changed and so he
therefore planned to assassinate Lincoln.
Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln is shot in the back of the head and
dies the following morning.
(Left to Right) Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln, Abe, Booth)
What happened?
After Booth shot Lincoln at close range, he
dropped the pistol on the floor. Pulling out his
knife, he went to jump over the balcony, but
was momentarily stopped by Rathbone.
Rathbone was cut in the altercation and
suffered major blood loss.
He leaped over the balcony and landed on
stage, breaking his ankle. He then ran across
the stage and out the door to his waiting horse.
“Sic Semper Tyrannis!”
After landing on stage, Booth yelled “Sic
Semper Tyrannis,” meaning “Thus Always to
Tyrants.
The audience was stunned and didn’t know
what happened. Many didn’t hear the shot
because of the clapping in the play. Others
thought this was part of the play.
How did Booth get so close?
Booth knew the theater well. As a famous
actor, he had access to the theater at all hours.
In fact, while traveling, he had his mail
forwarded to the theater.
It is believed that he rehearsed the
assassination during the dress rehearsal of the
play that day. There, he planned his escape.
He used his fame to get to the President.
Lincoln’s body guard let him by since he knew
the President wanted to meet him.
Taken Across the Street
Dr. Leale, who was the first doctor to reach the
President, thought a bumpy carriage ride to the
White House would kill Lincoln. He needed to
get to the first available bed, which was across
the street, at the Peterson boarding house.
12 doctors saw the President that night and
twice tried to remove the bullet, but those
attempts were unsuccessful.
Lincoln’s Assassination
Ward Hill Lamon
Friend and bodyguard
of Lincoln.
Where was he?
Richmond, VA.
Lincoln’s dream about
his own
assassination?
Lincoln’s Assassination
Boston Corbett
Sergeant in Union
Army.
One of 26 men sent
after Booth.
Shoots and kills
Booth against orders.
Lincoln’s Assassination
A brief history of Boston Corbett:
–
–
–
–
Wife dies during childbirth.
Moves to Boston to become a hatter.
Begins wearing his hair long to imitate Jesus.
Castrates himself with a pair of scissors in 1858 to avoid temptations of
prostitutes.
Then (supposedly) he eats dinner and attends a prayer meeting before
seeking medical help.
– Joins Union Army and becomes a sergeant.
– Fatally shoots Booth on April 24, 1865
receives $1,600 reward
– Is declared insane in 1887 and put in an asylum.
– Escapes from the asylum in 1888 and is never heard of again.
It is believed he was headed for Mexico, some believe he died in the Great
Fire of Minnesota in 1894.
Did Anyone Really Win?
The death toll !!!!
–
–
–
The South lost its independence and 258,000 men of the 1.4
million that fought.
The North didn’t win a quick war it hoped for. The Union lost
360,000 men of the 2.7 million that fought.
623,000 soldiers died in Civil War, almost as many soldiers than
in all other U.S. wars combined.
The country is in shambles and reconstruction
is needed.
This country’s great leader is dead. The South
lost a protector who was trying to rebuild
peacefully, not reunite based on anger,
hatred, and revenge.