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CHAPTER 13
RNA & Protein Synthesis
13.1 The Role of
RNA
13.2 Ribosomes
& Protein
Synthesis
13.3 Mutations
13.4 Gene
Regulation &
Expression
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1. RNA CONTAINS THE SUGAR
A
ribose.
B
deoxyribose.
C
glucose.
D
lactose.
A
RIBOSE.
2. UNLIKE DNA, RNA CONTAINS
A
adenine.
B
uracil.
C
phosphate groups.
D
thymine.
B
URACIL.
3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE
FOUND IN BOTH DNA AND RNA?
A
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
B
deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
C
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
D
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
C
PHOSPHATE GROUPS,
GUANINE, AND
CYTOSINE
4. WHICH NUCLEOTIDE IN FIGURE
13–1 INDICATES THE NUCLEIC ACID
ABOVE IS RNA?
A
uracil
B
guanine
C
cytosine
D
adenine
Figure 13–1
A
URACIL
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE?
A
RNA is usually single-stranded.
B
DNA is usually single-stranded.
C
DNA contains uracil.
D
RNA contains thymine.
A
RNA IS USUALLY
SINGLE-STRANDED.
6. WHICH TYPE OF RNA BRINGS THE
INFORMATION IN THE GENETIC CODE
FROM THE NUCLEUS TO OTHER PARTS
OF THE CELL?
A
rRNA
B
tRNA
C
mRNA
D
RNA polymerase
C
MRNA
7. HOW MANY MAIN TYPES OF RNA ARE
THERE?
A
1
B
3
C
hundreds
D
thousands
B
3
8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF EUKARYOTIC
DNA?
A
A promoter is part of an intron.
B
An intron is part of a promoter.
C
Introns are sequences of DNA.
D
Exons are edited out of pre-mRNA.
C
INTRONS ARE
SEQUENCES OF DNA.
9. WHICH MOLECULES ARE INVOLVED IN
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?
A
transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens
B
messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA
C
ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens
D
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
D
MESSENGER RNA,
RIBOSOMAL RNA, AND
TRANSFER RNA
10. FROM WHICH MOLECULES ARE MRNA
MOLECULES TRANSCRIBED?
A
tRNA
B
rRNA
C
DNA
D
proteins
C
DNA
11. WHAT IS PRODUCED DURING
TRANSCRIPTION?
A
RNA molecules
B
DNA molecules
C
RNA polymerase
D
proteins
A
RNA MOLECULES
12. DURING EUKARYOTIC
TRANSCRIPTION, AN RNA
MOLECULE IS FORMED THAT IS
A
complementary to both strands of DNA.
B
identical to an entire single strand of DNA.
C
double-stranded and inside the nucleus.
D
complementary to part of one strand of DNA .
D
COMPLEMENTARY
TO PART OF ONE
STRAND OF DNA .
13. WHAT DOES FIGURE 13–2 SHOW?
A
anticodons
B
exons
C
introns
D
the genetic code
Figure 13–2
D
THE GENETIC CODE
14. HOW MANY NUCLEOTIDES ARE
NEEDED TO SPECIFY THREE AMINO
ACIDS?
A
3
B
6
C
9
D
12
C
9
15. THERE ARE 64 CODONS AND 20
AMINO ACIDS. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING IS TRUE?
A
Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
B
Each codon specifies a different amino acid.
C
Some amino acids have no link to a codon.
D
Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
A
SEVERAL DIFFERENT
CODONS CAN
SPECIFY THE SAME
AMINO ACID.
16. IN FIGURE 13–3, WHICH AMINO
ACID IS SPECIFIED BY THE MRNA
CODE CCC?
A
Gly
B
Lys
C
Ala
D
Pro
Figure 13–3
D
PRO
17. ACCORDING TO FIGURE 13–3,
WHICH CODE SPECIFIES THE SAME
AMINO ACID AS UAU?
A
UAC
B
UAA
C
UGC
D
UGU
Figure 13–3
A
UAC
18. A PROMOTER IS A
A
binding site for DNA polymerase.
B
binding site for RNA polymerase.
C
start signal for replication.
D
stop signal for transcription.
B
BINDING SITE FOR
RNA POLYMERASE.
19. WHAT HAPPENS DURING
TRANSLATION?
A
Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.
B
The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.
C
Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code.
D
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
B
THE CELL USES A
MESSENGER RNA
CODE TO MAKE
PROTEINS.
20. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
TERMS IS LEAST CLOSELY RELATED
TO THE OTHERS?
A
spindle fiber
B
tRNA
C
polypeptide
D
anticodon
A
SPINDLE FIBER
21. DURING TRANSLATION, THE TYPE
OF AMINO ACID THAT IS ADDED TO
THE GROWING POLYPEPTIDE
DEPENDS ON THE
A
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA.
B
anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
C
anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA.
D
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
D
CODON ON THE
MRNA AND THE
ANTICODON ON THE
TRNA.
22. A PROTEIN IS BEING ASSEMBLED
WHEN
A
DNA is being translated.
B
RNA is being transcribed.
C
RNA is being translated.
D
DNA is being transcribed.
C
RNA IS BEING
TRANSLATED.
23. GENES CONTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR
ASSEMBLING
A
operons.
B
nucleosomes.
C
proteins.
D
mutagens.
C
PROTEINS.
24. WHICH IS THE CORRECT SEQUENCE
OF THE TRANSFER OF INFORMATION IN
MOST ORGANISMS?
A
protein to DNA to RNA
B
RNA to DNA to protein
C
DNA to RNA to protein
D
RNA to protein to DNA
C
DNA TO RNA TO
PROTEIN
25. WHAT IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE
CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY?
A
Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.
B
Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA.
C
Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA.
D
Viruses can translate without RNA.
A
VIRUSES SOMETIMES
TRANSFER
INFORMATION
FROM RNA TO DNA.
26. THE GENETIC CODE IS ALWAYS READ
A
3 bases at a time in the same direction.
B
4 bases at a time in the same direction.
C
3 bases at a time and the direction varies.
D
4 bases at a time and the direction varies.
A
3 BASES AT A TIME IN
THE SAME
DIRECTION.
27. IN EUKARYOTES
A
Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes
place in the nucleus.
B
Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place
in the cytoplasm.
C
Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus.
D
Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.
B
TRANSCRIPTION
TAKES PLACE IN THE
NUCLEUS, AND
TRANSLATION TAKES
PLACE IN THE
CYTOPLASM.
28. A MUTATION THAT INVOLVES ONE
OR A FEW NUCLEOTIDES IS CALLED
A
a mutagen.
B
an inversion.
C
a point mutation.
D
a translocation.
C
A POINT MUTATION.
29. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION?
A
inversion
B
insertion
C
point mutation
D
substitution
A
INVERSION
30. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE
NAME OF A TYPE OF CHROMOSOMAL
MUTATION AND A TYPE OF GENE
MUTATION?
A
substitution
B
insertion
C
deletion
D
inversion
C
DELETION
31. WHEN A CHROMOSOME
UNDERGOES A DELETION
MUTATION, INFORMATION IS
A
repeated.
B
lost.
C
reversed.
D
transferred.
B
LOST.
32. MOST MUTATIONS
A
have no effect on an organism.
B
are fatal to an organism.
C
are helpful to an organism.
D
are harmful to an organism.
A
HAVE NO EFFECT ON
AN ORGANISM.
33. WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS
OF POLYPLOIDY PLANTS?
A
They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants.
B
They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.
C
They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants.
D
They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.
B
THEY TEND TO BE
BIGGER AND
STRONGER THAN
DIPLOID PLANTS.
34. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS IS TRUE ABOUT GENE
REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES?
A
Promoters determine whether a gene is expressed.
B
Expressed genes make more DNA.
C
DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.
D
RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
C
DNA-BINDING
PROTEINS
DETERMINE
WHETHER A GENE IS
EXPRESSED.
35. IN E. COLI, THE LAC OPERON
CONTROLS THE
A
breakdown of lactose.
B
production of lactose.
C
breakdown of glucose.
D
production of glucose.
A
BREAKDOWN OF
LACTOSE.
36. A LAC REPRESSOR TURNS OFF THE
LAC GENES BY
A
binding to the promoter.
B
DNA polymerase.
C
binding to the operator.
D
binding to the lac genes.
C
BINDING TO THE
OPERATOR.
37. WHEN E. COLI IS GROWN ON
GLUCOSE, AND THERE IS NO
LACTOSE AVAILABLE
A
lactose molecules bind to the lac repressor.
B
the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.
C
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the lac operon.
D
the lac genes are transcribed into messenger RNA.
B
THE LAC REPRESSOR
BINDS TO THE
OPERATOR OF THE
LAC OPERON.
38. WHICH IS INVOLVED WITH THE
REGULATION OF EUKARYOTIC GENES?
A
operon
B
DNA polymerase
C
TATA box
D
operator
C
TATA BOX
39. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS
PART OF ONLY PROKARYOTIC GENES?
A
operon
B
TATA box
C
promoter sequences
D
enhancer sequences
A
OPERON
40. GENE REGULATION IN EUKARYOTES
A
usually involves operons.
B
is simpler than in prokaryotes.
C
allows for cell specialization.
D
includes the action of an operator region.
C
ALLOWS FOR CELL
SPECIALIZATION.
41. SPECIALIZED CELLS REGULATE THE
EXPRESSION OF GENES BECAUSE THEY
A
do not want the genes to become worn out.
B
cannot control the translation of proteins.
C
do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei.
D
do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.
D
DO NOT NEED THE
PROTEINS THAT ARE
SPECIFIED BY
CERTAIN GENES.
42. WHAT REGULATES THE EXPRESSION
OF MOST EUKARYOTIC GENES?
A
miRNA
B
transcription factors
C
dicer enzymes
D
silencing complexes
B
TRANSCRIPTION
FACTORS
43. HOX GENES DETERMINE AN
ANIMAL’S
A
body plan.
B
size.
C
skin color.
D
eye color.
A
BODY PLAN.
44. HOX GENES
A
determine when bacteria replicate their chromosome.
B
determine where the flagellum is on a bacterium.
C
determine when a dog’s cells replicate their DNA
D
determine the location of a dog’s ears.
D
DETERMINE THE
LOCATION OF A
DOG’S EARS.
45. THE BASIC BODY STRUCTURE OF
THE FLY IN FIGURE 13–4 IS DETERMINED
BY A CLUSTER OF
A
repressor genes.
B
Hox genes.
C
polypeptides.
D
frameshift mutations.
Figure 13–4
B
HOX GENES.