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to run to play to go to eat to jump Can YOU find them in these sentences 1. The baby went to to sleep sleep. 2. The lion at the zoo was able to to escape escape with some help from the monkeys. 3. Let’s run home to get my soccer cleats.to get 4. To lose weight was his only desire. To lose 5. My sister went to the store to buy some shoes. to buy 6. The bumblebee wanted to fly home. to fly Do NOT confuse an infinitive phrase with a prepositional phrase beginning with “to”! REMEMBER - an infinitive has a verb after the word “t Prepositional phrase = to the store Infinitive phrase = to buy bread Prepositional phrase = to the park So, now that you know what infinitive phrases are, let’s practice finding them together. 1. The dog wanted to run around the block. to run around the block 2. To destroy the enemy, Optimus Prime gathered his troops. to destroy the enemy 3. Carmelo was going to work four days to work four days a week after school a week after school. 4. The man’s goal was to earn a doctorate degree. to earn a doctorate degree Can YOU find them in these sentences 1. The baby went to sleep after lunch. to sleep after lunch 2. The lion at the zoo was able to to escape with some escape with some help from the help from the monke monkeys. to get my soccer cleats 3. Let’s run home to get my soccer cleats. 4. To lose weight was his only desire. To lose weight 5. The bumblebee wanted to pollinate to pollinate the flower the flower. 6. My sister went to the store to buy to buy some shoes (remember, “to the store” is a prepositional phrase) Infinitives are NOT considered the verb in a sentence. I want to play with my friends. (verb) (infinitive) They function as: • a noun (Marianna wanted to pass.) • an adjective (She brought home a book to study over the weekend.) • or an adverb (The father worked hard to provide for his family.) in the sentence. INFINITIVE AS A NOUN When an infinitive functions as a NOUN, it will be the subject, a predicate noun, or a direct object in the sentence. A predicate noun is also called a predicate nominative, but we will refer to it as a predicate noun in this lesson. INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT To run in the Boston Marathon is what he trained for all summ ______________ subject The infinitive is functioning as a noun in this sentence because “to run” is the subject of the sentence. The infinitive phrase is “to run in the To graduate from high school was his fondest wish _________________ subject The infinitive is functioning as a noun in this sentence because “to graduate” is the subject of the sentence. The infinitive phrase is “to graduate from high school.” To dance is her dream. _____________ subject The infinitive is functioning as a noun in this sentence because “to dance” is the subject of the sentence. To win the race, I will need perseverance. To win is NOT acting as a noun because the infinitive phrase “to win the race” is not the subject, “I” is. INFINITIVE AS A PREDICATE NOUN An infinitive/infinitive phrase that acts as a predicate noun follows a linking verb and renames the subject. Shelly’s goal is to_____________________________________________ sell all of her Girl Scout cookies. predicate noun The infinitive phrase is functioning as a noun in the sentence because it is a predicate noun. The infinitive phrase “to sell all of her Girl Scout cookies” is renaming Shelly’s goal. Alex’s wish was to win his wrestling tournament _________________________________________ predicate noun The infinitive phrase is functioning as a noun in the sentence because it is a predicate noun. The infinitive phrase “to win his wrestling tournament” is renaming Alex’s wish. Her dream was__________ to dance. predicate noun The infinitive is functioning as a noun in the sentence because it is a predicate noun. The infinitive “to dance” is renaming her dream. INFINITIVE AS AN ADJECTIVE An infinitive/infinitive phrase that acts as an adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. Her idea to raise money was a success. ____________________ adjective The infinitive phrase is functioning as an adjective in the sentence because “to raise money” tells which idea was a success. Mike has an essay ___________ to write. adjective The infinitive phrase is functioning as an adjective in the sentence because “to write” tells what kind of essay he has. The dog___________ to walk is the brown one. adjective The infinitive phrase is functioning as an adjective in the sentence because “to walk” tells which dog. INFINITIVE AS AN ADVERB An infinitive/infinitive phrase that acts as an adverb explains WHY an action (verb) is done or modifies an adjective by answering HOW. There are ways to check if an infinitive is functioning as an adverb: • Often, if you insert the words “in order” in front of an adverb infinitive, the sentence will still make sense. • Another way to check if the infinitive is an adverb is to take the infinitive out of the sentence. If the sentence still makes sense, it may be functioning as an adverb. We worked out after school to prepare for the gam ____________________________________ adverb • The infinitive phrase is functioning as an adverb in the sentence because “to prepare for the game” tells WHY we worked out. • You also can insert the phrase “in order’ in front of the infinitive phrase: We worked out after school IN ORDER to prepare for the game. • Finally, if you take out this infinitive phrase, the sentence still makes sense. Teresa baked bread___________________________________ to sell at the bake sale. adverb • The infinitive phrase is functioning as an adverb in the sentence because “to sell at the bake sale” tells WHY Teresa baked bread. • You also can insert the phrase “in order’ in front of the infinitive phrase: Teresa baked bread IN ORDER to sell at the bake sale. • Finally, if you take out this infinitive phrase, the sentence still makes sense. LET’S PRACTICE TOGETHER! Identify the function of these infinitive phrases. 1. The dog wanted to run around the ______________________________ Noun block. 2. To destroy the enemy, Optimus __________________________ Adverb Direct object Tells why he gathered his troops Prime hiswrap troops. 3.gathered The gift __________ to is the one on the bed. Tells which gift Adjective 4. The man’s goal was to earn a doctorate Predicate noun _________________________ Noun degree. NOW YOU DO IT! Identify the infinitive phrase and its function. Alex went home after the game to eat. tells why Alex wen _______ He was too hungry to stay. _________ Adverb Adverb tells how hungry He hadn’t been able to eat breakfast or ______________________________ direct object Noun lunch. First, he missed breakfast to study for a test.tells why he misse _______________________ Adverb Then, on his way to second period, he needed _______________________ to stopNoun at his locker. This made him late to class, and so he was given a detention to serve at lunch. ____________________ Adjective direct object tells which detent