Download Lower Appendicular Skeleton only

Lower Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle
• Composed of sacrum, coccyx, and 2
coxae (hipbones)
• Coxae have 3 distinct parts:
– Ilium
– Ischium
– Pubis
Pelvic Girdle, continued…..
• Coxae parts fuse together in the
acetabulum, a cup-shaped area on the
lateral surface of the hip that receives
the head of the femur.
Ilium
• Largest and uppermost portion of the
coxa
• The upper edge is called the iliac crest
• Joins the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
• Anterior superior iliac spine- the bony
prominence you
feel as your
“hipbone”
Ischium
• Forms the lowest portion of the coxa
• Ischial tuberosity
– Points posteriorly AND downward
– Supports the weight of the body when
sitting
• Ischial spine – a sharp projection above
the ischial tuberosity, near the junction
of the ischium and ilium
Pubis
• Anterior portion of the coxa
• Two pubic bones join midline at the
symphysis pubis joint
• Pubic arch
– Angle formed by pubic bones below the
symphysis pubis
– Arch is wider in females
Female vs. Male Pelvis
Lower Limb
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Femur
• Longest and strongest bone in the
body
• Head at top fits into __________of
coxa
• Greater trochanter – superior,
lateral process
• Lesser trochanter – inferior, medial
process
• Distal end:
– Two rounded processes posteriorly:
Tibia
• aka, “shin bone”
• Proximal end:
– Medial and lateral condyles are
concave and articulate with condyles
of the femur
– Tibial tuberosity just below the
condyles; attachment point for
patellar ligament
• Distal end: medial malleolus forms
prominent bony point of inner
ankle
Fibula
• Proximal: head
– Articulates with tibia just below
the lateral condyle
– DOES NOT enter into knee joint
or bear any weight
• Distal: lateral malleolus forms
outer prominent bony part of
ankle
Ankle (Tarsals)
• “Tiger Cubs Need MILC”
• Talus (A)
Calcaneus (“heal bone”) (K)
Navicular (B)
Medial cuneiform (D)
Intermediate cuneiform (C)
Lateral cuneiform (I)
Cuboid (J)
Side View of the Bones of the
Foot
Foot
• 5 metatarsals
– numbered 1-5 starting medially
– Heads at distal ends form the ball of the
foot
• Phalanges
– Toes
– Each toe has 3 phalanges, except the big
toe
– What are the phalanges of each toe called?
(HINT: Just like the fingers)
Joints
• AKA “articulations” – functional
junctions between bones
• Functions:
– Bind parts of the skeletal system
– Make bone growth possible
– Permit parts of the skeleton to change
shape during childbirth
– Enable the body to move in response to
skeletal muscle contractions