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Biology 30
Morinville Community
High School
Unit 2: Endocrine System
Name: ______________
Endocrine System Unit Outline
Chapter 13 text p. 434-471
Key Concept A: The endocrine system and nervous system
both mediate interactions between humans and their
environment to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis).
A1. Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine Systems
A2. Defining endocrine glands, hormones, and negative
feedback
A3. Location of endocrine glands
Key Concept B: The hypothalamus and pituitary complex
controls the secretion of many of the bodyʼs hormones
B1. Hormones of the Hypothalamus, posterior and
anterior pituitary glands
B2. Growth Hormone
• growth hormone irregularities
B3. Tropic Hormones
Key Concept F: Hormonal Regulation of Blood Sugar
F1. Islet Cells of the Pancreas: Insulin & Glucagon
F2. Diabetes Mellitus
Lab: Urinalysis as a Diagnostic Tool
Key Concept G: Hormones of the Reproductive System
G1. Oxytocin & Prolactin
G2. FSH & LH
G3. Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM UNIT EXAM
Key Concept C: Metabolism and Calcium homeostasis are
controlled by the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
C1. Control of Metabolism: Thyroid
• thyroid hormone disorders
C2. Calcium regulation
Key Concept D: The Endocrine and Nervous systems act
together in times of stress
D1. Structure / Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland
D2. Adrenal Cortex: cortisol & aldosterone
D3. Adrenal Medulla: adrenaline
D4. Adrenal hormone disorders
Key Concept E: Water balance & regulation
E1. Antidiuretic Hormone
• Diabetes insipidus
2
Key Concept A: The endocrine system and nervous system both mediate interactions between
humans and their environment to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis) text p.434-439
A1. Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine
Systems
Your nervous system and endocrine system works cooperatively
in order to ensure homeostasis.
Vocabulary
text p. 203
A2. Defining endocrine glands, hormones, and negative
feedback
Vocabulary
text p. 436
hormone:
Homeostasis is:
Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Nervous System
control of
homeostasis
response to stimuli
duration of action
Endocrine System
•
The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands and several
organs that contain endocrine tissue
•
Endocrine glands/tissue secrete hormones into the blood
•
Hormones affect only specific target cells that have receptors to
recognize (bind) a given hormone
Homeostasis involves monitoring levels of variables and correcting
changes in levels by negative feedback mechanisms, or loops.
Vocabulary
text p. 203, 441
affects
negative feedback:
3
A3. Location of endocrine glands
4
Key Concept B: The hypothalamus and pituitary complex controls the secretion of many of
the bodyʼs hormones text p.440 - 447
B1. Hormones of the Hypothalamus, posterior
and anterior pituitary glands
5
B3. Tropic Hormones
B2. Growth Hormone
text p. 444 - 445
hGH - human growth hormone
*About tropic hormones
Many of the hormones released from the anterior pituitary are tropic
hormones, which means that their targets are other glands. Tropic
hormones stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones.
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effects: (majority of the effects are *tropic) Together,
hGH and growth factor hormones from the liver
increase:
text p. 444
o
1.
o
2.
o
3.
hGH Endocrine Disorders
text p. 445- 446
i) hyposecretion of hGH
ii) hypersecretion of hGH
iii) hypersecretion after puberty
Check your
Understanding
Using the above generalized diagram, determine the placement of: hGH,
hGH releasing hormone, liver, growth factor hormone.
(reference: text p. 445 Figure 13.11)
Which term in the above list is considered a 'tropic hormone' ?
6
Key Concept C: Metabolism and Calcium homeostasis are controlled by the Thyroid &
Parathyroid Glands text p.446 - 450
C1. Thyroid gland and control of metabolism
text p. 446 – 449
Thyroid disorders
Description of
Disorder
Thyroxine:
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effects:
Note: Formation of thyroxine requires iodine
Symptoms
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
(Graves Disease)
The Regulation of the Thyroid Gland by a Negative
Feedback Mechanism
7
C2. Calcium regulation
Calcitonin (From Thyroid)
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effects:
Negative Feedback Mechanism That Regulates Blood Ca
2+
p. 449
Parathyroid Hormone (From Parathyroid) text p. 446-449
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effects:
PTH and calcitonin work antagonistically with each other.
8
Key Concept D: The Endocrine and Nervous systems act together in times of stress p.451-455
D1. Structure / Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland
D2. Adrenal Cortex: cortisol & aldosterone
text p. 454
9
Cortisol ( a glucocorticoid hormone)
Aldosterone (mineral corticoids)
§
stimulus:
stimulus:
§
target and effects:
target:
1.
effect:
2.
3.
10
D3. Adrenal Medulla p.451-452
The adrenal medulla: Regulating the short-term stress
response
The adrenal medulla organ is functionally part of the sympathetic
nervous system
D4. Adrenal hormone disorders
Disorder
Cause / Description
Symptoms
Cushingʼs
Syndrome
Two hormones:
stimulus:
Addisonʼs Disease
targets:
effects:
Review!
List at least 10 physiological responses initiated / controlled by
the sympathetic nervous system:
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Key Concept E: Water balance & regulation p.441 & 454
E1. Antidiuretic Hormone
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
Negative feedback mechanism controls the secretion of ADH
text p. 441
ADH's Role in Water Regulation
1. dehydration causes the blood plasma to become too
concentrated
2. osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect this concentration
change; hypothalamus sends a neural signal to posterior
pituitary to release ADH
3. ADH targets the nephron of the kidneys, causing the tubules
to become more permeable to water
4. More water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream
as a result:
§ urine output:
§ concentration of urine:
§ blood solute concentration :
§ blood pressure:
6. The hypothalamus detects these changes and sends a signal
to the posterior pituitary to stop secreting ADH:
Vocabulary
Check your
Understanding
Both ADH and Aldosterone have a role in regulating water homeostasis.
How are they the same? How are they different?
Diabetes Insipidus:
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Key Concept F: Hormonal Regulation of Blood Sugar (Glucose) p.456-462
F1. Islet Cells of the Pancreas: Insulin &
Glucagon
Negative feedback mechanism to regulate blood glucose levels
Islet Cells of the pancreas secrete two antagonistic hormones:
Insulin
§ secreted by:
§
stimulus:
§
effects: lowers blood sugar by stimulating…
a) increased absorption of glucose into cells
(review: glucose is used in cellular respiration to
provide energy)
b) liver to store glucose as glycogen
c) muscles to store glycogen and build protein
d) adipose (fat storing) tissue to use glucose to
form fat
Glucagon
§ secreted by:
§
stimulus:
§
effects: raises blood sugar by stimulating…
a) liver to convert glycogen to glucose
b) stimulating adipose tissue to breakdown fat
glucose
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F2. The Effects of Glucose Imbalance: Diabetes
Melllitus text p. 457-462
Diabetes mellitus, or commonly referred to as just 'diabetes', is
a metabolic disorder where the person does not produce enough
insulin or the body does not react properly to insulin. As a result,
hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) occurs.
Vocabulary
text p. 457.
Make notes using the following categories:
Type I Diabetes
§ causes
§
two possible treatments
hyperglycemia:
Type II Diabetes
§ causes
Explain the short-term effects of hyperglycemia in
diabetics.
Explain the long-term effects of hyperglycemia in
diabetics.
§
treatment
§
factors that increase the incidence of type II diabetes
Describe two technologies used to treat diabetics:
Insulin injections:
Islet cell transplants:
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Key Concept G: Hormones of the Reproductive System - Chapter 14
G1. Oxytocin & Prolactin
Oxytocin
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
Prolactin
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
G2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone & Luteinizing Hormone
*Oxytocin is one of the few examples of hormones that exhibits
positive feedback:
•
Both FSH and LH are considered gonadotropic hormones
because they target the gonads.
•
GnRH (Gonadotropic Release Hormone) is secreted by the
hypothalamus which causes the anterior pituitary to release FSH
and LH
Positive Feedback Loop for Oxytocin
Target
Effect
Follicle
Stimulating
Hormone
Luteinizing
Hormone
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G3. Testosterone, Estrogen, & Progesterone
Testosterone
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
Progesterone
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
Estrogen
§
stimulus:
§
target:
§
effect:
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