Download Texas and The Civil War Chapter 18

Overview of Civil War
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
Union President
The Union President during the Civil War
was Abraham Lincoln.
The Union Vice President during the Civil
War was Hannibal Hamlin.
Confederacy President
The President of the Confederate States Of
America was Jefferson Davis.
Alexander Stephens was Vice President
At the inaugural address President Davis
said that he desired to maintain peaceful
relations with the United States.
The War Begins
The Civil War began in April, 1861- when
the Confederate Army attacked the United
States at Fort Sumter.
The Civil War lasted around four years, with
over 620,000 Americans dying.
Lee vs. Grant
The General for the Union (north) was
Ulysses S. Grant.
The General for the Confederate Army
(south) was Robert E. Lee.
North Advantages
North- 22 million people
North- had about 90% of the countries
factories
North- had twice as many railroads, horses,
donkeys, and mules.
North- had U.S. Army & Navy, plus ways to
raise money.
South Advantages
South- had the best military leaders
South- had the young men who knew how
to ride and shoot better
South- were defending their way of life,
fighting for the right to have slaves.
Adding determination.
South Disadvantages
South- had to create everything from
scratch
South- only 9 million people (4 million were
slaves)
South- had only two gunpowder factories
and not one factory to handle uniforms
and shoes
The Army
The armies were broken down into:
1. Cavalry- gather information behind enemy
lines
2. Artillery- handle the big gun, provide strong
attack and protection
3. Infantry- “Foot Soldiers” did most of the
fighting
The armies goal was to destroy the entire capacity
of the enemy and their will to fight.
The Economy of the North
The length of the war had a large effect on
the economy of the country.
1. Need for uniforms, shoes, supplies
2. Need for more food- mechanical reaper
was invented to speed up the harvest of
wheat
3. Inflation came about (price of goods
goes up)
Opinion of War in the North
Throughout the North opinion on the war
varied with:
1. The U.S. was better off without the
South
2. No objections to slavery
3. The South having the right to Secede
Those who opposed the war in the north
were called Copperheads.
The Economy of the South
The South most difficult task was funding
the war.
The Southern government began to print
money without the backing of gold or
silver.
Manufactured products was scarce, such as
clothing, shoes, & weapons.
Slaves in the War
Slaves were used as blacksmiths,
shoemakers, bakers, and nurses for the
south.
Only a few slaves crossed over to the Union
side, those that did cross were called
contrabands.
Black Regiments began forming to help
fight.
The Fear & Hope Among
African Americans
During the Civil War African Americans
became fearful of Confederacy winning
and all African Americans being forced
into slavery.
The war made the slaves fell hopeful of
freedom, it was now a war of whites
fighting whites over the issue of slavery.
Women In War
Women began to take jobs as:
1. Seamstresses
2. Factory workers
3. Nursing
4. Government offices
Clara Barton was one of the first women to go into
the nursing field.
Most important after the war women continued
their new job.
The Civil War
Chapter 15
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
Texas & The Confederacy
There were a total of eleven states
that joined the Confederacy.
There were about 25 regiment troops
in Texas, each having about 1,000
men.
Joining the military was a first a
voluntary method, but was later
changed to a draft.
The Draft
In April 1862, the Confederate
government passed a law that
required people to serve in the
military, this was known as a draft.
Saying that all healthy white males
between 17-50 yrs of age must
serve when called upon.
There were some exemptions, that
allowed people to avoid the
military draft.
Draft Exemptions
Exemptions included:
1. People holding public office
2. People considered important in
industry & agriculture
3. Those drafted could hire a
substitute to serve in their place
There were over 60,000 Texans in
the Civil War.
Famous Texas Units
The Texans that joined would
become apart of the local unit in
that area.
Famous ones included:
1. Terry’s Texas Rangers
2. Hood’s Texas Brigade
3. Ross’ Texas Brigade
Terry’s Texas Rangers fought in
more battles than any other unit in
the Confederate Army.
Famous Texas Leaders
Famous Texas leaders during the
Civil War included:
1. Albert Sidney Johnston
2. John B. Hood
3. Tom Green
4. Samuel Bell Maxey
General Johnston was the highest
ranking Texan in the Confederate
Army.
Civil War Battle Plans
Union Battle Plan:
1. capture Richmond, Va. which was
the capital for the Confederate.
2. take control of the Mississippi
River, this would separate
Arkansas, Texas, and parts of
Louisiana from the rest of the
Confederacy.
3. Create a naval blockade, it would
limit supplies into the Confederacy.
Confederacy Plans:
1. Their battle plans were more of a
defensive plan, or a plan to protect
themselves.
2. They also wanted to control the
Mississippi River,
3. Capture U.S. forts in the
Confederacy.
Battle Grounds
The Civil War was fought in 3
areas:
1. Virginia (heaviest hit)
2. Tennessee
3. West of the Mississippi River
Battles in Texas
One of the first battles in Texas was
lead by a Texas militia against U.S.
General Twiggs.
Twiggs surrendered about 10% of the
U.S. Army and between $3-6 million
in military supplies.
A second battle included Texas
Colonel John Baylor, he went into
New Mexico and California,
wanting to claim the land for the
Confederacy along with the wealth
of the gold silver mines.
Baylor had some success but was
later attacked at Glorieta Pass by
Union soldiers, the Union forced
Baylor back to Texas and the
Southwest remained in Union
control throughout the Civil War.
Other Texas Battles
Includes:
1. Galveston Island
2. Battle of Sabine Pass
3. Coast and South Texas
4. Red River Campaign
5. Battle at Palmito Ranch
Surrender At Appomattox
On Sunday April 9, 1865 Lee and
Grant meet at the home of Wilmer
McLean in a village called
Appomattox Court House.
Lee dressed in his best, while Grant
was dressing in his muddy
uniform.
The two great generals worked out a
surrender document.
Confederates Surrender
The confederates surrender the
following:
1. their weapons
2. promise to be loyal to the Union
3. depart in peace
Lee’s main request was that Grant
let the Confederate soldiers who
owned horses keep them.
War Ends
Results of the War On
Texas
Texas cities and physical damage did
not suffer like many other states.
The Texas economy was hurt the most
during the war. Many items became
scarce- clothing, paper, medicines.
Agriculture became more important
during the war. More crops were
grown to feed the army- wheat and
corn.
Industrial Growth
Texas experienced a growth in
industry1. Gunpowder factory in Austin
2. Cannon factory in Tyler
3. Iron factory in Jefferson and Rusk
4. Clothing in Huntsville Penitentiary
5. Smaller industry making- wagons,
saddles, uniforms, tents
Economic Shambles
Even with industrial growth, there
were some economic shambles
after the war.
1. Cotton trade ended
2. Death of men placed hardships
on Texas families and farms
Results of the Civil War On a
Nation
Three main underlying events
came about because of the Civil
War:
1. Emancipation Proclamation
2. Gettysburg Address
3. Assassination of Abraham
Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation states that after
Jan1, 1863, “all persons held as
slaves within any State…in rebellion
against the United States shall
be…forever free.”
August 1863 Lincoln allows the
enlisting of African American soldiers
into the military.
About 180,000 African American
soldiers fought in the war, and about
38,000 died in the war.
Gettysburg Address
After the Battle of Gettysburg,
President Lincoln dedicated a
cemetery there where thousands of
Union soldiers were buried.
At the time of Lincoln’s Gettysburg
Address it attracted little attention
and even left the listeners
disappointed.
Today, it is recognized as Lincoln’s
noblest expression of the purpose of
the Civil War and democracy.
Assassination of Lincoln
On April 14, 1865- Abraham Lincoln
was shot at Ford’s Theater in
Washington, D.C.
Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes
Booth, who was a Confederate
supporter. (War was over)
Lincoln died on April 15, 1865.