Download Overview of Civil War

Overview of Civil War
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
Union President
The Union President during the Civil War was Abraham Lincoln.
The Union Vice President during the Civil War was Hannibal Hamlin.
Confederacy President
The President of the Confederate States Of America was Jefferson Davis.
Alexander Stephans was Vice President
At the inaugural address President Davis said that he desired to maintain peaceful
relations with the United States.
The War Begins
The Civil War began in April, 1861- when the Confederate Army attacked the United
States at Fort Sumter.
The Civil War lasted around four years, with over 620,000 Americans dying.
Lee vs. Grant
The General for the Union (north) was Ulysses S. Grant.
The General for the Confederate Army (south) was Robert E. Lee.
North Advantages
North- 22 million people
North- had about 90% of the countries factories
North- had twice as many railroads, horses, donkeys, and mules.
North- had U.S. Army & Navy, plus ways to raise money.
South Advantages
South- had the best military leaders
South- had the young men who knew how to ride and shoot better
South- were defending their homeland, fighting for themselves. Adding determination.
South Disadvantages
South- had to create everything from scratch
South- only 9 million people (4 million were slaves)
South- had only two gunpowder factories and not one factory to handle uniforms and
shoes
The Army
The armies were broken down into:
1. Cavalry- gather information behind enemy lines
2. Artillery- handle the big gun, provide strong attack and protection
3. Infantry- “Foot Soldiers” did most of the fighting
The armies goal was to destroy the entire capacity of the enemy and their will to fight.
The Economy of the North
The length of the war had a large effect on the economy of the country.
1. Need for uniforms, shoes, supplies
2. Need for more food- mechanical reaper was invented to speed up the harvest of
wheat
3. Inflation came about (price of goods goes up)
Opinion of War in the North
Throughout the North opinion on the war varied with:
1. The U.S. was better off without the South
2. No objections to slavery
3. The South having the right to Secede
Those who opposed the war in the north were called Copperheads.
The Economy of the South
The South most difficult task was funding the war.
The Southern government began to print money without the backing of gold or silver.
Manufactured products was scarce, such as clothing, shoes, & weapons.
Slaves in the War
Slaves were used as blacksmiths, shoemakers, bakers, and nurses for the south.
Only a few slaves crossed over to the Union side, those that did cross were called
contrabands.
Black Regiments began forming to help fight.
The Fear & Hope Among African Americans
During the Civil War African Americans became fearful of Confederacy winning and all
African Americans being forced into slavery.
The war made the slaves fell hopeful of freedom, it was now a war of whites fighting
whites over the issue of slavery.
Women In War
Women began to take jobs as:
1. Seamstresses
2. Factory workers
3. Nursing
4. Government offices
Clara Barton was one of the first women to go into the nursing field.
Most important after the war women continued their new job.
The Civil War
Chapter 15
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
Texas & The Confederacy
There were a total of eleven states that joined the Confederacy.
There were about 25 regiment troops in Texas, each having about 1,000 men.
Joining the military was a first a voluntary method, but was later changed to a
draft.
The Draft
In April 1862, the Confederate government passed a law that required people to
serve in the military, this was known as a draft.
Saying that all healthy white males between 17-50 yrs of age must serve when called
upon.
There were some exemptions, that allowed people to avoid the military draft.
Draft Exemptions
Exemptions included:
1. People holding public office
2. People considered important in industry & agriculture
3. Those drafted could hire a substitute to serve in their place
There were over 60,000 Texans in the Civil War.
Famous Texas Units
The Texans that joined would become apart of the local unit in that area.
Famous ones included:
1. Terry’s Texas Rangers
2. Hood’s Texas Brigade
3. Ross’ Texas Brigade
Terry’s Texas Rangers fought in more battles than any other unit in the
Confederate Army.
Famous Texas Leaders
Famous Texas leaders during the Civil War included:
1. Albert Sidney Johnston
2. John B. Hood
3. Tom Green
4. Samuel Bell Maxey
General Johnston was the highest ranking Texan in the Confederate Army.
Civil War Battle Plans
Union Battle Plan:
1. capture Richmond, Va. which was the capital for the Confederate.
2. take control of the Mississippi River, this would separate Arkansas, Texas, and
parts of Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy.
3. Create a naval blockade, it would limit supplies into the Confederacy.
Confederacy Plans:
1. There battle plans were more of a defensive plan, or a plan to protect themselves.
2. They also wanted to control the Mississippi River,
3. Capture U.S. forts in the Confederacy.
Battle Grounds
The Civil War was fought in 3 areas:
1. Virginia (heaviest hit)
2. Tennessee
3. West of the Mississippi River
Battles in Texas
One of the first battles in Texas was lead by a Texas militia against U.S. General
Twiggs.
Twiggs surrendered about 10% of the U.S. Army and between $3-6 million in
military supplies.
A second battle included Texas Colonel John Baylor, he went into New Mexico and
California, wanting to claim the land for the Confederacy along with the wealth of
the gold silver mines.
Baylor had some success but was later attacked at Glorieta Pass by Union soldiers,
the Union forced Baylor back to Texas and the Southwest remained in Union
control throughout the Civil War.
Other Texas Battles
Includes:
1. Galveston Island
2. Battle of Sabine Pass
3. Coast and South Texas
4. Red River Campaign
5. Battle at Palmito Ranch
Surrender At Appomattox
On Sunday April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant meet at the home of Wilmer McLean in a
village called Appomattox Court House.
Lee dressed in his best, while Grant was dressing in his muddy uniform.
The two great generals worked out a surrender document.
Confederates Surrender
The confederates surrender the following:
1. their weapons
2. promise to be loyal to the Union
3. depart in peace
Lee’s main request was that Grant let the Confederate soldiers who owned horses
keep them.
War Ends
Results of the War On Texas
Texas cities and physical damage did not suffer like many other states.
The Texas economy was hurt the most during the war. Many items became scarceclothing, paper, medicines.
Agriculture became more important during the war. More crops were grown to
feed the army- wheat and corn.
Industrial Growth
Texas experienced a growth in industry1. Gunpowder factory in Austin
2. Cannon factory in Tyler
3. Iron factory in Jefferson and Rusk
4. Clothing in Huntsville Penitentiary
5. Smaller industry making- wagons, saddles, uniforms, tents
Economic Shambles
Even with industrial growth, there were some economic shambles after the war.
1. Cotton trade ended
2. Death of men placed hardships on Texas families and farms
Results of the Civil War On a Nation
Three main underlying events came about because of the Civil War:
1. Emancipation Proclamation
2. Gettysburg Address
3. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation states that after Jan1, 1863, “all persons held as slaves within any
State…in rebellion against the United States shall be…forever free.”
August 1863 Lincoln allows the enlisting of African American soldiers into the
military.
About 180,000 African American soldiers fought in the war, and about 38,000 died
in the war.
Gettysburg Address
After the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln dedicated a cemetery there where
thousands of Union soldiers were buried.
At the time of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address it attracted little attention and even left
the listeners disappointed.
Today, it is recognized as Lincoln’s noblest expression of the purpose of the Civil
War and democracy.
Assassination of Lincoln
On April 14, 1865- Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater in Washington,
D.C.
Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, who was a Confederate supporter. (War
was over)
Lincoln died on April 15, 1865.