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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Assessment Chapter Test B Answer Key MATCHING 1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. e MULTIPLE CHOICE 6. c 7. a 8. d 9. c 10. b 21. COMPLETION 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. resistance bacteria phytoplankton (or protists or algae) angiosperms (or plants) gymnosperms 22. 23. SHORT ANSWER 16. An apple tree depends on bees to pollinate its flowers. The flowers must be pollinated for the flowers to make seeds and fruit. The bees depend on the nectar for food. 17. Insects have a waterproof external skeleton, they move quickly, and they reproduce quickly. They also are small, can hide easily, and require little food. Many insects can fly. 18. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A hummingbird has wings that allow it to hover near a flower. It has a long beak and tongue that allow it to reach into a flower to get nectar for food. 19. A population is made up of all the members of one species that live in the same place at the same time. A community is made up of all the populations living in the same place at the same time. A population is made up of one species, while a community is made up of many species. All the squirrels living in a forest are a population. The community is made up of all the squirrels, plants, other animals, and other organisms living in the forest. 20. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Birds with more curved beaks were better able to extract snails from their shells, and this ability helped them produce more 24. offspring than their straighter-beaked relatives. These off-spring inherited the curved beaks of their parents, and over time the entire species evolved curved beaks. The snails would die out or move to another habitat without their habitat, and the birds would probably not survive in the area because they wouldn’t have a food source. energy, mineral nutrients, water, oxygen, and living organisms Domain archaea: unicellular, lack nuclei, usually have cell walls, found in harsh environments; Domain bacteria: unicellular, lack nuclei, usually have cell walls, incredibly common; fungi: some unicellular but most multicellular, have cell nuclei, have cell walls, have no chlorophyll; protists: most unicellular but some unicellular, have nuclei, no cell walls, some can make their own food; plants: multicellular, have nuclei, have cell walls, make their own food; animals: multicellular, no cell walls, have nuclei, ingest their food Most of the other organisms would also die because phytoplankton are protists that use the sun’s energy to make food. Phytoplankton are the initial source of food in most ocean ecosystems, so if they died, other organisms would lose their food source. PROBLEM SOLVING 25. Answers may vary. Possible answer: Insects are a part of an ecosystem even if that ecosystem contains someone’s home, yard, and garden. As a part of an ecosystem, insects can be linked to other organisms in a complex web that we might not be aware of. By removing insects, we may be harming other parts of the ecosystem. Also, insecticides kill beneficial insects as well as insect pests and can encourage the selection of insect pests that are resistant to insecticides. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Environmental Science i The Organization of Life Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Assessment Chapter Test B The Organization of Life MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best matches the description. _____ 1. One species causes malaria. a. bacteria _____ 2. Some cause diseases such as athlete’s foot. b. fungi _____ 3. These organisms are the source of most food humans eat. c. protists _____ 4. E. coli is one of these. e. animals d. plants _____ 5. Some of these organisms have vertebrae. MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. _____ 6. Which of the following organisms does not belong with the rest? a. moss b. grass c. algae d. wild flower _____ 9. Which of these sentences does not describe part of the process of evolution by natural selection? a. The environment contains limited resources. b. Organisms produce more offspring than will survive to reproduce. c. Communities include populations of several species. _____ 7. Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem? a. abiotic factors b. biotic factors c. unnecessary factors d. selection factors d. Organisms in a population differ in their traits. _____ 10. Some snakes produce a powerful venom that paralyzes their prey. This poison is an example of a. coevolution. b. an adaptation. c. a reptile. d. a biotic factor. _____ 8. Which of the following is part of an organism’s habitat? a. shelter b. food c. water d. all of the above © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Environmental Science 1 The Organization of Life Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Chapter Test B continued COMPLETION Write the answer to the following questions in the space provided. 11. If an insect is no longer killed by an insecticide, it has developed a(n) ______________________ to the chemical. 12. Most bacteria, including the kinds that cause disease and those found in garden soil, belong to the kingdom ______________________ 13. The initial source of food in most ocean and freshwater ecosystems are ______________________ 14. The initial source of food in most land ecosystems are ______________________ 15. Pine trees and other conifers are classified as ______________________ because they are woody plants whose seeds are not enclosed in fruits. SHORT ANSWER Write the answers to the following questions in the spaces provided. 16. Angiosperms and animals depend on each other. Using an apple tree and bees as examples, explain how these organisms depend on each other. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 17. More insects exist on Earth than any other type of animal. Describe the characteristics insects have that make them so successful. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Environmental Science 2 The Organization of Life Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Chapter Test B continued 18. Choose any organism and describe its adaptations. Explain how each adaptation might help it survive. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 19. Explain the difference between a community and a population. Provide a specific example of each. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 20. Imagine a population of small birds that feed only on snails. They use their hooked, needle-like beaks to pull snails from their shells. Explain how these birds might have evolved their specialized beaks. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 21. Predict what might happen to birds with beaks specialized for eating snails if the snail’s habitat were destroyed? Explain your answer. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 22. List the five components that an ecosystem must contain to survive. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Environmental Science 3 The Organization of Life Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Chapter Test B continued 23. List characteristics of organisms in each of the domains and kingdoms. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 24. What would happen to organisms in the ocean if all the protists died? Explain your answer. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 25. Your neighbor is bothered by insects and wants to spray his yard and garden with insecticide to get rid of them. Explain how you would convince your neighbor that this is not a good idea. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Environmental Science 4 The Organization of Life