Download ecosystems and commmunities

ECOSYSTEMS AND COMMMUNITIES
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THE ROLE OF CLIMATE
OBJECTIVE: 4.1
Identify the cause of climate.
Explain how Earth’s temperature range is
maintained.
Identify Earth’s three main climate zones.
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________ is the day-to-day condition of Earth’s
atmosphere at a particular time and place.
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______ refers to the average, year after year
conditions of temp and precipitation in a
particular region.
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Carbon dioxide, ______, water vapor, and a few other
atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s
temperature range.
The natural situation in which heat is retained by this
layer of greenhouse gases is called the ________ effect.
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The _____ zones are areas where the sun’s rays strike
Earth at a very low angle. The zones are located in
the areas around the North and South poles, between
____ and __ degrees N and S
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The ________ zones sit between the polar zones and
the tropics. Temperate zones are more affected by the
changing angle of the sun over the course of a year,
the climate ranges from hot to cold, depending on the
season.
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The _______ zone, or tropics, is near the equator,
between 23.5 degrees north and south lat.
The tropics receive direct sunlight year-around, making
the climate almost always warm.
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The uneven ________ of Earth’s surface drives
winds and ocean currents, which transports heat
throughout the biosphere.
Local topography effects temp and precip.
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WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM
OBJECTIVES: 4.2
Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence
an ecosystem.
Identify the interactions that occur within
communities.
Describe how ecosystems recover from a
disturbance.
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_____ factors are the living things in an
ecosystem.
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______ factors are the physical or nonliving factors in
an ecosystem.
Ex. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind,
nutrient, soil type, and sunlight.
A ______ includes both biotic and abiotic factors
(occupation, job).
A _____ is the full range of physical and biological
conditions in which and organism lives ( its address).
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Community interactions, such as _________, predation,
and various forms of _______ can powerfully affect an
ecosystem.
A _______ is any necessity of life, such as water, light,
food, etc.
Species compete for these resources.
Competitive _______ principle states that no two species
can occupy the same niche and habitat at the same time.
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_______ is an interaction in which one
organism captures and feeds on another
organism.
________ is any relationship in which two
species live closely together.
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In _______ both species benefit form the
relationship.
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In __________, one member of the association
benefits and the other is neither helped nor
harmed.
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In parasitism one organism lives on or inside
another organism (host).
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________ are constantly changing in response
to natural and human disturbances.
As an ecosystem changes, older inhabitants
gradually die out and new organisms move in,
causing further changes in the community.
Ecological ________ is the series of predictable
changes that occurs in a community over time.
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On land, succession that occurs on surfaces where
no soil exists is called _______ succession.
The first species (lichens) to populate the area are
called _______ species.
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______ succession occurs in area of natural
disturbances where soil is left.
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BIOMES
OBJECTIVES: 4.3
Explain what microclimates are.
Identify the characteristics of major land
biomes.
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A ______ is a complex of terrestrial
communities that cover a large area and is
characterized by certain soils and climate
conditions and particular assemblages of plants
and animals.
Animals are adapted to live in certain
conditions.
These variations that allows species to survive
under different conditions and biomes is called
t________.
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Major biomes
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical savanna
Temperate grassland
Desert
Temperate woodland and shrub land
Temperate forest – we live in one, has a mixture of deciduous (sheds leaves
once a year) and conifers (evergreen, has cones) trees.
Northern coniferous forest
Boreal forest (taiga)
Tundra
Mountains and ice capes
Read and know about biomes from page 100 – 105.
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AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
OBJECTIVE: 4.4
Identify the factors that govern aquatic
ecosystems.
Identify the two types of freshwater ecosystems.
Describe the characteristics of the marine zones
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_______ ecosystems are determined primarily
by the depth, flow, temp, and chemistry of the
overlying water.
_______ ecosystems can be divided into two
main types: _______-water ecosystems and
_______-water ecosystems.
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______, streams, creeks, and _____ are all
freshwater ecosystems that flow over the land.
Organism are well adapted to living to the
water’s ____ of flow.
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_____ and ponds are the most common standing-water
ecosystem.
These ecosystems have ________ and __________.
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A _______ is an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or
is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the
year.
Three types – bogs, _______, and swamps
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_______ are wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea.
_______ is made up of tiny pieces of organic material
that provide food for organisms (clams, worms, etc) at
the base of the estuary’s food chain.
They also serve as spawning grounds for commercially
important fishes, ______, and crabs.
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Salt marsh
Mangrove swamp
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Marine ecosystem
______ zone – the upper layer were
photosynthesis can take place (~200m).
________ zone – permanently dark, has only
chemosynthetic producers.
•Oceans are divided into the _______ zone, the
coastal ocean, and the ____ ocean.
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The _______ zone is the area that is exposed to
regular and extreme changes in their
surroundings.
Once or twice a day they are submerged in sea
water.
________ is the prominent horizontal banding of
organisms that live in a particular habitat.
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The _______ ocean extends from the low tide
mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf.
One of the most productive coastal ocean
communities is the _____ forest.
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_____ _____ are found in warm, shallow water of tropical coastal
oceans.
They are the most productive environments on earth.
Most reefs are found within ____ of the surface
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