Download download

Matakuliah : F0282 - Analisis Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan
Tahun
: 2009
BENTUK-BENTUK LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Pertemuan 3
Murniadi Purboatmodjo
BAB III Bentuk-bentuk laporan keuangan
•
•
•
•
•
Income statements
Statement of stockholders’ equity
Balance sheets
Statement of cash flows
Notes
Mari kita review mengenai Income Statement dan Balance
sheet, yang merupakan dasar dalam menganalisa suatu
Laporan Keuangan
3
1. INCOME STATEMENT



a summary of revenues and expenses and gains and
losses, ending with net income
For particular period of time : For the Year Ended...
Multiple-step format, presented separately of :





Gross profit
Operating income
Income before taxes
Net income
Single-step format, determining the net income by


deducting total expenses and losses
from the total revenues and gains
4
Basic Elements of the Income Statement





Net Sales (Revenues)
Cost of Goods Sold
Other Operating Revenue
Operating Expenses
Other Income or Expense
5
Net Sales


Revenue from the sale of principal goods or services
sold to customers
Shown net of
 Discounts
 Returns
 Allowances
6
Cost of Goods Sold

o
o
o
o
o
The cost of goods that were sold to produce revenue
Retailer
Manufacturer
Beginning Inventory
Beginning Inventory
+ Purchases
+ Cost of goods sold
Manufactured
–
Ending Inventory
- Ending Inventory
= Cost of Goods Sold
= Cost of Goods sold
A service firm will not have COGS or cost of sales it
will often have cost of service
7
Other Operating Revenue
 Reflects the nature of the business
 Depending on the operations of the business,
 Examples
Lease revenue
Royalty revenue
Finance charges
Commission revenue
8
Operating Expenses
Consist of 2 types :
 Selling expenses
Result from the company’s effort to create sales

Examples
 Advertising
 Sales commissions
 Sales supplies used

Administrative expenses
Relate to the general administration of the company’s operation

Examples
 Salaries
 Insurance
 Bad debt expense
9
Other Income or Expense

o
o
o
o
Secondary activities not directly related to
operations
Dividend income
Interest income
Gains (losses) from sale of assets
Interest expense
10
Reconciliation of Retained Earnings
Reported as part of the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
or combined with the income Statement
Beginning of year balance of retained earnings
+ Prior period adjustments
± Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
= Beginning balance as adjusted
+ Net income
– Dividends
= End-of-year balance of retained earnings
11
2. The Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet (BS)
 “Statement of Financial Position”
 Consist of :
{ASSETS = LIABILITIES + STOCKHOLDERS’
EQUITY}
 Dated as of a specific date
 Format
o
o
Account
Report
12
Assets
• Probable future economic benefits obtained or
controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions
or events
- Current Assets  those assets (1) in the form of cash (cash,
deposit), (2) that will normally be realized in cash, or (3) that
conserves the use of cash during the operating cycle of a firm or
for 1 year, whichever is larger
- Long-Term Assets (Non Current Assets)  those assets
that do not qualify as current and take longer than 1 year to be
converted to cash or to conserve cash in long run
2 Types:
Physical Nature/Tangible  land, building, etc
Intangible  trademarks, patents
13
Current Assets


Cash and assets that will be converted into cash during the
operating cycle or within a year, whichever is longer
Presented in order of liquidity
CASH
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES
INVENTORY
PREPAIDS
OTHER CA
14
Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Tangible
Tangible : Physical facilities used in the operations of the
business
Consist of :





Land
Buildings
Machinery
Constraction in progress
Accumulated Depreciation : Depreciation  the process of
allocating the cost of buildings/machinery over the periods of
benefit (depreciable life)
15
Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Tangible
(cont’ d)


Leases :
-Capital Lease
Investment:
- Debt or equity securities
- Debt classification
- Equity Securities
16
Long-Term Assets: Intangibles
Intangibles : non-physical assets
 recorded at historical cost,
 generally amortized over their useful lives or their legal
lives; whichever is shorter (< 40 years)
Consist of :
o
o
o
o
o
Goodwill
Patents
Trademarks
Franchises
Copyrights
17
Liabilities
• Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits
arising from present obligations of a particular entity
to transfer assets or provide services to other
entities in the futures as a result of past transactions
or events
– Current Liabilities (CL)
– Long-Term Liabilities (LTL)
18
Current Liabilities
Obligations whose liquidation is reasonably expected to
Require the use of


Existing current assets
Creation of other current liabilities
Within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer
This includes :
- Payables
- Unearned Income
- Other Current Liabilities
19
Long-Term Liabilities
Due in a period beyond one year or operating cycle
Related to


Financing arrangements
Operational obligations (includes obligations arising from the
operation of a business, mostly of a service nature)
20
Stockholders’ Equity
• The residual ownership interest in the assets of an
entity that remains after deducting its liabilities
– Paid-in Capital
– Retained Earnings
21
LATIHAN SOAL:
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND REPORTING-GIBSON
P3-4 dan/P4-11
22