Download Intro to Horticulture - San Diego Master Gardeners

IntroductiontoHorticulture
LizWoodward
MoPrice
SanDiegoCountyMasterGardeners
Classof2010
HorticultureDefined
• hortus (garden)+colere (tocultivate)
• CultureofGardensvs.FieldsofCrops
• Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamentals,Herbs,SpecialtyCrops
CarlLinnaeus
1707-1778
CharlesDarwin
1809-1882
5KingdomsofLivingOrganisms
WhatisaPlant?
• MemberofthekingdomPlantae
• Living,immobile,noconscious
• Rigidcellwallsmadeofcellulose
• Canregeneratelosttissuesandorgans
• Carryoutphotosynthesis
• Theyareabletomaketheirownfood(autotrophs)
TheEvolutionofPlants
Monocots
Dicots
Angiosperms
BotanicNomenclature
Purpose,Pronunciation& Format
WhyuseBotanicNames?
• Botanic names use the same
language worldwide: Latin
• Botanic names do not have
multiple meanings
• Many botanic names have
specific meaning
What’sinaLatinname?
alba – white
alpestris - alpine
bellus – beautiful
broccolo – flowering top
caerule – dark blue
candicans – hairy or wooly
cereus - waxy
coccineu – scarlet
cordata – heart shaped
crassu – fleshy, thick
dulcis – sweet
edulis – edible
ferox – very thorny
flavens – yellowish
glaber – smooth; without hairs
heli – sun
imbricata – overlapping,like scales
ingens – enormous
obesus – fat
phylla – leaves (pertaining to)
repens – crawling, creeping
ericeus - silky
serpens – creeping, snakelike
vulgaris - common
Whatdothese3plants
haveincommon?
• PoisonOak
• SilkyOak
• SheOak
They are NOT oaks.
Whatdothese3plants
haveincommon?
• CaliforniaPepper
• FalsePepper
• PeppercornTree
They are all the same
plant & native to Peru.
PronunciationFacts
• Horticulturists don’t always agree
on pronunciation
• Individual botanists rarely are
completely consistent in
pronunciation
• People tend to pronounce names
the way they first learned them
regardless of any subsequently
encountered info
Canyousay:
Chrysanthemum
?
(kris-AN-the-mum)
BotanicNamePronunciation
How do you say: Tomato? Basil? Protea?
Alyogyne huegelii?
Try this web site: davesgarden.com
Hierarchyof
Biological
Classification
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
Family
• 640Families
• Suffixof:aceae
Genus
Format
• 17,000Genera
• GenusisCapitalized& inItalics
species
• 1,064,400species
• speciesislowercase& initalics
‘hybrid’Var,x
• Countlesshybrids,
sub-species,variations,
tradenames,etc.
PlantFamily:Lauraceae
Cinnamomum camphora
Camphortree
Laurus nobilis
BayLaureltree
Persea americana
Avocadotree
Lamiaceae
Lavandula stoechas ‘OttoQuast’’ Family:
(lay-mee-AY-see-ee)
Lavandula
• Lavender
(Genus) (lav-AN-dew-lah)
stoechas
• Spanishlavender
(species) (STOW-kass)
‘OttoQuast’
(‘Hybrid’)
• Nameofpersonwho
discoveredthishybrid
• Mint Family
•Flavorful herbs
•Many with square stems
CommonAbbreviations
Lavandula stoechas,Lavandula canariensis, Lavandula dentata
or…..Lavandula stoechas,L.canariensis, L.dentata
Lavandula sp. – Usedwhenreferringtoone unknownspecies
ofLavandula
Lavandula ssp. – Usedwhenreferringtomany unknownspecies
ofLavandula
AnotherHelpfulWebSite
Tropicos.org
Search for Botanic Names…
all Genera within a Family,
all Species within a Genus, etc.
A Web Site of Missouri Botanical Garden
PLANTSTRUCTURE
MERISTEMS
Primaryvs.SecondaryGrowth
ApicalMeristems
- Primarygrowth
- Occursinrootsandshoots
- Increaseinlength
LateralMeristems
- Secondarygrowth
- Occurincambium&similartissue
- Commonintrees(woodandbark)
- Increaseingirth(width)
ROOTS
FunctionofRoots
• Takeupwaterandnutrients
• Storeexcessfood
• Anchortheplant
• Synthesizeessentialcompounds
• Reproductiveorgan
RootAnatomy
TypesofRoots
Taproot –absorbswaterdeep
intheground(root
vegetables,trees)
Fibrous rootsstayclosetothe
topofthesoil(bedding
plants,tomato)
Adventitious rootshelp
anchorplantorhelpplant
climb(strawberries,ivy,some
grasses)
STEMS
StructureofaSeedPlant
PlantVascularTissue
Zylem tissueconductswater&
dissolvedmineralnutrientsfrom
therootsupward.
Phloemtissueconductsphotosyntheticallyproducedfood&other
compoundsfromtheleavestoother
plantparts– up&down.
PlantVascularTissue– MonocotCrossSection
Monocot
epidermis
vascularbundle
xylem
phloem
Lily’s,grasses,palms,etc.
PlantVascularTissue– DicotCrossSection
Herbaceous
phloem
xylem
Woody
phloem
cambium
xylem
hardwoodorpith
StemModifications:VegetativeSpread
StolonorRunner
Corm
Bulb
Tuber
Rhizome
StemorLeaf?
Acaciaaphylla
Opuntia sp.
LEAVES
Stipule
Stipule
PartsofaLeaf
LeafArrangements
LeafKey
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Transpiration
FLOWERS
FlowerForms
Lantana
Inflorescence
WhyDoPlantsHaveFlowers?
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 'BlackStathe‘
Elephantfootyam
Platycerium sp.
Staghornfern
PerfectFlower
Pollen
Anther
Stigma
Pistil
(Female)
Style
Filament
Stamen
(Male)
Petal
Ovary
Sepal
Receptacle
Ovules
Pedicle(or Pedicel)
APerfect flowerhasthePistil &Stamen onthesameflower.
ImperfectFlower
Female- Pistillate
Male- Staminate
AnImperfect flowerhasaPistil orStamen,
butnotonthesameflower.
SexandtheZucchini
STIGMA
STAMEN
4CommonSituations
FlowerType:Perfect
PlantType:Bisexual/
Hermaphroditic
FlowerType:Imperfect
PlantType:Monoecious
FlowerType:Imperfect
PlantType:Dioecious
MalePlant:Staminate
FlowerType:Imperfect
PlantType:Dioecious
FemalePlant:Pistillate
Flowers& TheirFruit
Solanumlycopersicum
Tomato
Macadamiasp.
Kigelia africana
SausageTree
Musasp.
Banana
Pisum sativum
GardenPea
SEEDS
AnatomyofaSeed
TypesofSeeds
SeedDispersal
ClassificationofPlants
• GrowthHabit– annuals,perennials,biennials
• StructureorForm– woody,herbaceous,vine,shrub,tree
• LeafRetention– evergreen,deciduous
• ClimaticAdaptation– tropical,subtropical,temperate
• Use– ornamental,edible,native
What’sThatBloomin’Thing?
Purpose
• Learntoidentifycommonplantsin
S.D.County
• IncreaseyourknowledgeofPlant
Families
Procedure
• Youwillbegivenapresentationschedule
• Bepreparedatleastoneweekaheadto
allowtimeforadditionalpresentations
• Youcanswapyourplant/datewith
anothertrainee’splant/date
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
Procedure
• Oralpresentationwillbefourminutesmaximum.
• Reportonlythedistinguishing,significant,unusual,
andfascinatingaspectsofyourplant.
• Provideawritten1-2pagereporttobeuploaded
totheTrainingWebsite.
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
Procedure
• Youcandothefollowing:
• Bringplantsamples
• DoaPowerPoint
• Drawyourflower
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
“What’sThatBloomin’Thing?”
TheEnd