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Download Intro to Horticulture - San Diego Master Gardeners
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IntroductiontoHorticulture LizWoodward MoPrice SanDiegoCountyMasterGardeners Classof2010 HorticultureDefined • hortus (garden)+colere (tocultivate) • CultureofGardensvs.FieldsofCrops • Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamentals,Herbs,SpecialtyCrops CarlLinnaeus 1707-1778 CharlesDarwin 1809-1882 5KingdomsofLivingOrganisms WhatisaPlant? • MemberofthekingdomPlantae • Living,immobile,noconscious • Rigidcellwallsmadeofcellulose • Canregeneratelosttissuesandorgans • Carryoutphotosynthesis • Theyareabletomaketheirownfood(autotrophs) TheEvolutionofPlants Monocots Dicots Angiosperms BotanicNomenclature Purpose,Pronunciation& Format WhyuseBotanicNames? • Botanic names use the same language worldwide: Latin • Botanic names do not have multiple meanings • Many botanic names have specific meaning What’sinaLatinname? alba – white alpestris - alpine bellus – beautiful broccolo – flowering top caerule – dark blue candicans – hairy or wooly cereus - waxy coccineu – scarlet cordata – heart shaped crassu – fleshy, thick dulcis – sweet edulis – edible ferox – very thorny flavens – yellowish glaber – smooth; without hairs heli – sun imbricata – overlapping,like scales ingens – enormous obesus – fat phylla – leaves (pertaining to) repens – crawling, creeping ericeus - silky serpens – creeping, snakelike vulgaris - common Whatdothese3plants haveincommon? • PoisonOak • SilkyOak • SheOak They are NOT oaks. Whatdothese3plants haveincommon? • CaliforniaPepper • FalsePepper • PeppercornTree They are all the same plant & native to Peru. PronunciationFacts • Horticulturists don’t always agree on pronunciation • Individual botanists rarely are completely consistent in pronunciation • People tend to pronounce names the way they first learned them regardless of any subsequently encountered info Canyousay: Chrysanthemum ? (kris-AN-the-mum) BotanicNamePronunciation How do you say: Tomato? Basil? Protea? Alyogyne huegelii? Try this web site: davesgarden.com Hierarchyof Biological Classification DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Family • 640Families • Suffixof:aceae Genus Format • 17,000Genera • GenusisCapitalized& inItalics species • 1,064,400species • speciesislowercase& initalics ‘hybrid’Var,x • Countlesshybrids, sub-species,variations, tradenames,etc. PlantFamily:Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora Camphortree Laurus nobilis BayLaureltree Persea americana Avocadotree Lamiaceae Lavandula stoechas ‘OttoQuast’’ Family: (lay-mee-AY-see-ee) Lavandula • Lavender (Genus) (lav-AN-dew-lah) stoechas • Spanishlavender (species) (STOW-kass) ‘OttoQuast’ (‘Hybrid’) • Nameofpersonwho discoveredthishybrid • Mint Family •Flavorful herbs •Many with square stems CommonAbbreviations Lavandula stoechas,Lavandula canariensis, Lavandula dentata or…..Lavandula stoechas,L.canariensis, L.dentata Lavandula sp. – Usedwhenreferringtoone unknownspecies ofLavandula Lavandula ssp. – Usedwhenreferringtomany unknownspecies ofLavandula AnotherHelpfulWebSite Tropicos.org Search for Botanic Names… all Genera within a Family, all Species within a Genus, etc. A Web Site of Missouri Botanical Garden PLANTSTRUCTURE MERISTEMS Primaryvs.SecondaryGrowth ApicalMeristems - Primarygrowth - Occursinrootsandshoots - Increaseinlength LateralMeristems - Secondarygrowth - Occurincambium&similartissue - Commonintrees(woodandbark) - Increaseingirth(width) ROOTS FunctionofRoots • Takeupwaterandnutrients • Storeexcessfood • Anchortheplant • Synthesizeessentialcompounds • Reproductiveorgan RootAnatomy TypesofRoots Taproot –absorbswaterdeep intheground(root vegetables,trees) Fibrous rootsstayclosetothe topofthesoil(bedding plants,tomato) Adventitious rootshelp anchorplantorhelpplant climb(strawberries,ivy,some grasses) STEMS StructureofaSeedPlant PlantVascularTissue Zylem tissueconductswater& dissolvedmineralnutrientsfrom therootsupward. Phloemtissueconductsphotosyntheticallyproducedfood&other compoundsfromtheleavestoother plantparts– up&down. PlantVascularTissue– MonocotCrossSection Monocot epidermis vascularbundle xylem phloem Lily’s,grasses,palms,etc. PlantVascularTissue– DicotCrossSection Herbaceous phloem xylem Woody phloem cambium xylem hardwoodorpith StemModifications:VegetativeSpread StolonorRunner Corm Bulb Tuber Rhizome StemorLeaf? Acaciaaphylla Opuntia sp. LEAVES Stipule Stipule PartsofaLeaf LeafArrangements LeafKey Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration FLOWERS FlowerForms Lantana Inflorescence WhyDoPlantsHaveFlowers? Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 'BlackStathe‘ Elephantfootyam Platycerium sp. Staghornfern PerfectFlower Pollen Anther Stigma Pistil (Female) Style Filament Stamen (Male) Petal Ovary Sepal Receptacle Ovules Pedicle(or Pedicel) APerfect flowerhasthePistil &Stamen onthesameflower. ImperfectFlower Female- Pistillate Male- Staminate AnImperfect flowerhasaPistil orStamen, butnotonthesameflower. SexandtheZucchini STIGMA STAMEN 4CommonSituations FlowerType:Perfect PlantType:Bisexual/ Hermaphroditic FlowerType:Imperfect PlantType:Monoecious FlowerType:Imperfect PlantType:Dioecious MalePlant:Staminate FlowerType:Imperfect PlantType:Dioecious FemalePlant:Pistillate Flowers& TheirFruit Solanumlycopersicum Tomato Macadamiasp. Kigelia africana SausageTree Musasp. Banana Pisum sativum GardenPea SEEDS AnatomyofaSeed TypesofSeeds SeedDispersal ClassificationofPlants • GrowthHabit– annuals,perennials,biennials • StructureorForm– woody,herbaceous,vine,shrub,tree • LeafRetention– evergreen,deciduous • ClimaticAdaptation– tropical,subtropical,temperate • Use– ornamental,edible,native What’sThatBloomin’Thing? Purpose • Learntoidentifycommonplantsin S.D.County • IncreaseyourknowledgeofPlant Families Procedure • Youwillbegivenapresentationschedule • Bepreparedatleastoneweekaheadto allowtimeforadditionalpresentations • Youcanswapyourplant/datewith anothertrainee’splant/date HaveFun&KeepitSimple! Procedure • Oralpresentationwillbefourminutesmaximum. • Reportonlythedistinguishing,significant,unusual, andfascinatingaspectsofyourplant. • Provideawritten1-2pagereporttobeuploaded totheTrainingWebsite. HaveFun&KeepitSimple! Procedure • Youcandothefollowing: • Bringplantsamples • DoaPowerPoint • Drawyourflower HaveFun&KeepitSimple! “What’sThatBloomin’Thing?” TheEnd