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ROMAN REPUBLIC VENN DIAGRAM US/ROMAN Roman Republic Magistrates – elected officials; 2 consuls ran city and led army; judged court cases; elected for one year Roman Senate – advised the consuls; elected for life; 300 members; controlled finances Assemblies and Tribunes – protected the common people; assemblies elected the magistrates; tribunes had power to veto and remained in office one year; declared war Slaves could not be citizens or vote Law of Twelve Tables - kept at the Forum Triumverate – 3 branches Forum UNITED STATES Federal - President ; elected for 4 years; can veto; declare war Senators – advisors; elected for six years; ratify treaties; 2 senators from each state Congress – can override President’s veto; collect taxes and pay debts Three branches: Executive, Legislative, Judicial State government includes governor, state senator, state representative Local government includes mayor, city council All citizens can vote Constitution White House SIMILARITIES Three parts to government Leaders have advisors Laws are recorded and enforced Leaders have power to veto Citizens elect leaders Checks and balances to control power Civic duties of all citizens AUGUSTUS CAESAR (OCTAVIAN) 27 BC - 14 AD Adopted son of Julius Caesar Heir to the throne after the murder of Julius Caesar Sole ruler of Rome - emperor His reign marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire Established the Pax Romana He gave enslaved people and freedmen a chance to be part of the government Ordered a census Wrote strict laws to control public behavior Set up a fire and police force Built Rome’s first library Gave Romans a sense of patriotism and pride Promoted trade Rebuilt Rome PAX ROMANA (ROMAN PEACE) 27 BC - 180 AD Started with the reign of Augustus Period of peace brought about by the ability of the Romans to rule others and maintain their authority through an efficient government. A time of no major wars or large rebellions The Roman law, military organization, trade, and transportation helped to hold the empire together The government was the strongest tie holding the peace. It maintained order, enforced the laws for the Romans as well as non-Romans, and defended the frontiers The well run Roman army helped to maintain peace Business prospered because of increased trade. Shipping became big business. It was a time of prosperity. Fire and police forces helped maintain peace and order Population grew Roman civilization spread and cultures mixed