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Ybarra, Bio 221 Bacteria Disclaimer: these questions are what have been asked of you during lecture and or lab. The questions may or may not be quiz or test questions and should be treated as quick concept reviews. What is the average size, range, of bacteria? o _____________ m How can bacteria be generally classified morphologically? 1. 2. 3. What is the function of the periplasmic space? o Which organism(s), gram positive of gram negative, store hydrolytic enzymes and endo toxins? o What is the major difference between gram positive and negative bacteria? o What does this dichotomous characteristic mean clinically? o What is the mode of action of penicillin? o What stage does penicillin work best on? o What is the beta lactam ring? What are beta lactamases? o What does NAM, NAG and DAP stand for, what structure is comprised of these components? o o o NAM: NAG: DAP: Be able to diagram the chemical lattice structure of the peptidoglycan. Ybarra, Bio 221 Bacteria Which organisms can penicillin not kill? Why? o What makes the glycocalyx and gelatinous sheath? What is the distinction between the two features? o What are mesosomes? How do they form? o What is the function of mesosomes? o What are plasmids? o What is the difference between fimbriae and pili? Which of the two is used in conjugation? o What is the difference between F+ and F- bacteria? o What is the difference between F+ and high frequency recombinant bacteria (Hfr)? o What is High frequency conjugation? o What are the functions of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells? o Define the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Monotrichous: Amphitrichous: Lophotrichous: Peritrichous: Ybarra, Bio 221 Bacteria What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes? What are the sub units? What are the clinical implications (antibiotics)? What is endosymbiotic theory? What organelles does it attempt to explain? What is the evidence? What is autogeny? What organelles does it attempt to explain? What is the evidence? How can bacteria be classified based off cytosine and guanine content? What is the difference between guanine – cytosine bonds and adenine - thymine bonds? What are the physiological implications? What is the bacterial growth curve? What stage are your normally body flora in? Why doesn’t penicillin kill off your entire body flora? What is selective media? Give examples What is differential media? Give examples What are selective and differential media? Give examples How can isolation be achieved? Which population counts only count live bacteria, which count live and dead bacteria? Can bacteria survive without a cell wall? If so how? Can you treat them with penicillin, why or why not? What does PPLO stand for? Define the following terms. What group do they most commonly describe? 1. 2. 3. 4. Methanogens Halophiles Thermophiles Psychrophiles Define the function of the following, what are they? 1. Hemolysis 2. Hemolysis 3. Hemolysis Ybarra, Bio 221 Bacteria In a microbiology lab, you serially diluted a sample of contaminated water. This population count was unknown, therefore, you did a standard plate count to estimate the bacterial population. From the sample, you serially dilute 0.1 ml into 9.9ml into tubes A, B, and C, then pull 1.0 ml and 0.1 ml from each sample and streak plate onto 6 plates labeled A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 respectively. Look at the table provided to estimate the original concentration. Plate Colony Forming Units A1 599 CFU A2 445 CFU B1 319 CFU B2 286 CFU C1 28 CFU C2 15 CFU Estimated Population Draw a gram positive, and gram negative cell. Compare the structures to one in other. Ybarra, Bio 221 Bacteria Categorize the bacterial flagella according to quantity and location A) B) C) D) What process is happening in the photo below?