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BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 20 Name Section Date 2.1 Body Systems Summary Textbook pages 52–63 Before You Read In this section, you will find out about the systems of the human body. A system is made of two or more parts that work together as a whole. If one of the parts is missing or damaged, a system will not work well. It might not work at all. On the lines below, name one type of system in your home. Give an example of what might happen if one part of it is damaged. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ✏ ◆ Mark the Text Create an Outline Make an outline of the information in this section. Use the headings in the reading as a starting point. Include the boldface terms and any other terms that you think are important. cell tissue organ organ system organism What parts make up each system of the human body? There are 11 systems of the body. Each of these systems is made up of different parts that work together as a whole to perform all the functions that keep you alive. The parts that make up each body system are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. What is tissue? Cells that have the same structure and that play the same role in the body are grouped together to form tissue. For instance, muscle cells are grouped to form muscle tissue. ● ✔ ✔ ● Reading Check 1. What is a tissue? ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ 20 MHR • Section 2.1 What is an organ? Tissues of different kinds that work together form an organ. For instance, the heart is an organ. The heart is mostly made of muscle tissue. Nerve tissue transfers signals to the heart from the brain and from other parts of the body. Epithelial tissue lines the inside of the heart and covers the outside of it. Body Systems © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 21 Section Name 2.1 Date Summary continued Connective tissue gives strength and shape to the other tissues that form the heart. Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue are also found in other organ systems. ● ✔ ✔ ● Reading Check 2. Which four tissues work together in the heart? ___________________ What is an organ system? An organ can work by itself or it can work together with other organs to form an organ system. The heart is the only organ in the circulatory system. The digestive system has several different organs, including the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine. The organs of the digestive system work together to help you take in food, break it down, absorb nutrients, and remove solid wastes from your body. ___________________ ___________________ Systems in the Human Body Circulatory – moves blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes Digestive – takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, gets rid of solid waste Respiratory – controls breathing and exchanging gases in lungs and tissues Excretory – removes liquid and gas wastes Immune – defends the body from infections Endocrine – makes hormones Reproductive – has organs for making babies Integumentary (skin, hair, and nails) – protects the body Skeletal – has bones that support the body and work with muscles to move the body Muscular – has muscles that work with bones to move the body Nervous – has nerves that detect, signal, and respond to changes in the environment © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 2.1 Body Systems • MHR 21 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 22 Name Date Vocabulary Section 2.1 Use with textbook pages 56–57. Eleven body systems Vocabulary respiratory endocrine muscular skeletal excretory nervous circulatory immune reproductive digestive defensive integumentary Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once. You will not need to use every term. 1. The ______________________________________ system controls breathing. 2. The ______________________________________ system has bones that support the body and work with muscles to move the body. 3. The ______________________________________ system has nerves that detect, signal, and respond to changes in the environment. 4. The ______________________________________ system removes liquid and gas wastes from the body. 5. The ______________________________________ system makes hormones. 6. The ______________________________________ system takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and gets rid of solid waste. 7. The ______________________________________ system protects the body and includes skin, hair, and nails. 8. The ______________________________________ system includes organs for making babies. 9. The ______________________________________ system defends the body against infections. 10. The ______________________________________ system has muscles that work with bones to move the body. 11. The ______________________________________ system moves blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes. 22 MHR • Section 2.1 Body Systems © 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited