Download Study Guide for the Final Exam 1. A phalanx is a Greek military

Study Guide for the Final Exam
1. A phalanx is a Greek military formation made up of
2. Spartan males began their military training at age
3. Constantine is known for
___________________________________________________________.
__________________.
__________________________________________________________________
4. The Punic Wars were fought between
________________________________.
5. The period known as the Pax Romana was known for _____________________________________________________________.
6. Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy?
___________________
7. The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta ________________________________________
8. The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by
_________________________________________
9. The first emperor of the Roman Empire was ___________________________________________
10. The Etruscans set up social classes which included the
___________________________________________.
11. After the death of Theodosius, the eastern part of the Roman Empire became known __________________________________.
12. Hellenistic Culture was a result of cultural diffusion, the combination of Greek and Middle Eastern Cultures, and a result of
____________________________________.
13. After the Plebeian Reforms, Plebeians were allowed ___________ consul seat.
14. _______________________________ was responsible for making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
15. The name of the holy books containing religious rituals in ancient India was the ___________________.
16. For followers of the Eightfold Path, the main goal is to ________________________________.
17. The Gupta Empire contributed the concept of ________, ________, and the cause of ___________________________.
18. Confucian teachings were accepted in China only after _______________________________________.
19. During the Han period, the second-ranking family member was usually ______________________________.
20. One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that _______________________
__________________________________________________________
21. The type of government that existed in Sparta could be described as an ________________________.
22. During the Peloponnesian War, more than one-third of the Athenians, including Pericles, died as a result of ________.
23. The Peloponnesian War was won by __________.
24. Which philosopher was condemned to death for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods
___________________________
25. Who wrote The Republic, a book that set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society? ________________
26. What title was given to the rulers of Egypt? ___________________
27. Egypt was sometimes called __________________________.
28. As a result of 207 years of Pax Romana, the Roman Empire _____________________________________________.
29. In the early Roman government, who were the consuls? _______________________________________
30. Non-aristocratic Roman townspeople and landowners ___________________
31. Formal name of the branch of Roman government that led foreign and domestic policy was the _________________.
32. Officials who commanded the army and directed the government were __________________.
33. The term for those chosen during a time of crisis to lead Rome:
34. Name given to Rome’s “Golden Age”
___________________________
__________________________________________
35. Name of the structure where the gladiators fought ______________________________
36. A form of government where citizens vote for leaders who then decide important issues
______________________
37. A series of stone water channels built in and around Rome _______________________________
38. The arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. It encompasses the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
______________________________
39. The land located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
40. A city and the surrounding land it controlled
____________________________
_______________________
41. The process through which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another ________________________
42. An _?_ brings together several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.
________________________
43. A uniform code of laws was developed by which emperor to unify his diverse subjects? _______________________
44. The kind of government in which rule is based on religious authority is called a ___________________________.
45. A system of writing that developed in ancient Egypt that started as simple pictographs but that developed into a more
flexible system, its name means sacred writing in Greek _______________________________
46. Justinian increased the rights of women in his empire due to pressure from whom? _________________________
47. Which of the following was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire? __________________________
48. Which term is the title of the Russian emperor and is the Russian version of the term Caesar? ______________
49. Which group of invaders from the north probably founded Novgorod and later settled in Kiev? __________________
50. Islamic month of Fasting: _________________________
51. Second holiest site in Islam: ______________________________
52. The physical and metaphorical center of Islam: ________________________
53. Pilgrimage: ______________________________
54. Toward what city do Muslims pray? ___________________
55. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? ________________________________________________________
56. What was the most important trade item for the people of Ghana? ____________________
57. Which invaders’ inland routes tended to follow rivers? ______________________
58. Name given to the leader of a Viking tribal unit was __________________.
59. What are the sacraments of the church? _____________________________________________________________
60. Which Carolingian leader reunited Western Europe and was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III? ________________
61. What was a lord’s estate called? ____________
62. During the Middle Ages, what was a grant of land from a lord to a vassal called? ___________
63. What was a mock battle that served as a training exercise for young knights called? ___________________
64. What system of government was based on the exchange of land for protection and services? ____________________
65. Which code were knights expected to follow? _________________________
66. What was the act of taking away a person’s right to membership in the church? _______________________________
67. What was the body of rules and regulations governing religious practices such as marriage? _____________________
68. What was the chief goal of the Crusades? _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________
69. What was the negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present? ______________________________
_____________________________________
70. Who changed England forever with a win at the Battle of Hastings (the last successful invasion of England)?
____________________________
Unit 4
71. A person who produces work “in the vernacular” is one who
__________________________
__________________________________________________________________
72. The printing press was invented by
__________________________
73. Who was the last of Henry VIII’s children to rule England?
__________________________
74. Which term originally referred to a German prince who was not loyal to the pope?
__________________________
75. Which term means “to take back a statement?”
__________________________
76. Which term means “to set aside?”
__________________________
77. What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
__________________________
78. In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
__________________________
79. What European nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades? ________
80. Which nation did Prince Henry help to take a lead in overseas exploration?
__________________________
81. In the 1400s, what was the most important trade good from the East?
__________________________
82. Spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now Mexico,
South America, and the United States.
__________________________
83. Wrote The Prince?
__________________________
84. Whose plays were performed in the Globe
__________________________
85. “Father” of the Reformation
__________________________
Unit 5
86. Known as the sun king
________________________________
87. Louis XIV’s great palace
________________________________
88. government agents that collected taxes &administered justice
________________________________
89.minister to Louis XIII that strengthened monarchy at expense of the nobility ________________________________
90. visited western Europe to learn about their customs and technology
________________________________
91. King of England who lost the English Civil War
_____________________________________
92. This began when Charles II took the throne of England
_____________________________________
93.Parliament controlling taxes was an obstacle to this form of gov’t
_____________________________________
94.this prevented monarchs from jailing people for political reasons
_____________________________________
95. divine right was used to support
_____________________________________
96. Peter the Great built St. Petersburg
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
97. Peter the Great was the first Russian ruler to try to
_____________________________________
98. Falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates
_____________________________________
99. Isaac Newton explained the
_____________________________________
100. What did the Enlightenment promote?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Unit 6
101.
The increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century was called the
_______________________________
102.
What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
__________________________
103.
What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th century Britain and elsewhere in
western Europe? _________________________________
104.
What was the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms? ______________
105.
A business person who combines land, labor, and capital to create a product to sell is an ________________
106.
Technological advances caused ___________________________________________________________.
107.
Railroads in benefited industrialization in Great Britain by offering _________________________________
______________________________________________
108.
The ruler of the new, unified German states into an empire was given the title of __________________
109.
Which of the following was true about nationalism? ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
110.
The opposition of Dutch settlers to British policy in South Africa turned violent during the ______________
111.
Who was the last monarch of Hawaii the was overthrown in the late 1800s Who was the last monarch of
Hawaii the was overthrown in the late 1800s _________________________________
112.
Why was India called the “jewel of the crown?” ________________________________________________
113.
Racism is the name for the belief that _____________________________________________ .
114.
_______________ settlers in South Africa were known as Boers.
115.
_________________ was a Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization
to create a large centralized state in southern Africa.
Unit 7
116.
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
117.
Which statement summarizes the Schlieffen Plan that Germany created to prepare for a two-front war?
118.
Which nation’s actions caused the United States to fight in World War I?
119.
What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war effort?
120.
Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?
121.
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect postwar Germany?
122.
What impact did the war have on the economy of Europe?
123.
What events in Sarajevo ignited the Great War?
124.
Which nation was location of almost all of the fighting on the Western Front in WW I?
125.
Under the Schlieffen Plan, Germany was to focus first on defeating ________________ then turning to fight
Russia.
126.
Trench warfare was the primary form of warfare used on the ________________________.
127.
The territory between the trenches was known as _____________________________________.
128.
The purpose of propaganda during World War I was to _____________________________.
129.
The Zimmermann note, which pushed the United States to enter the war, exposed the German plan to
____________ _____________________________________
130.
Who was the last Romanov Czar of Russia?
131.
He was the major leader of the Bolsheviks.
132.
Who were the Bolsheviks?
133.
What was the purpose of the Soviet state’s Five Year Plan?
134.
What was a totalitarian state?
Unit 8
135.
Due to overprinting of money to produce war supplies and to pay reparations after WWI Germany suffered
_______________________.
136.
Which of the following were effects of the depression on everyday people?
137.
Which of the following responses to the depression (attempts to make the situation better) actually made the
situation worse?
138.
__________________________ was a new militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and
obedience to the ruler.
139.
Who was the Fascist leader of Italy?
140.
In which of the following ways was Fascism like Communism?
146.
What was the popular name of the Allied invasion of Europe that took place on the Normandy beaches of France
and was called “Operation Over Lord”?
147.
What was the name of Germany’s last major of offensive of WWII?
148.
How did Hitler respond to the Soviets taking Berlin?
149
What were kamikazes?
150.
What is anti-Semitism?
151.
During the 1930s and 1940s what did the term ghetto refer to?
152.
What was the name for Hitler’s program of genocide of the Jews and other undesirables?
153.
What is genocide?
154.
What is demilitarization?
155.
What is democratization?
156.
What was the overall (or general) reason for WWII?