Download 9-Unit 1Chapter 11 Workbook

Grade 9 Science
Unit 4: Space
Chapter 11: We continue to learn a lot
about the solar system by using space
exploration.
Name: ________________
Homeroom: ______________
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The Sun:
•
Size:________________________________________________
•
Mass: ______________________________________________
•
Distance: ____________________________________________
•
Age:________________________________________________
Solar Radiation:_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
•
The Earth is located in the _____________________________ zone.
Sunspots
Solar Flares
Solar Winds
The Planets:
To be a planet you must...
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
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AU = _________________________________________________________________________
1 AU = __________________________________________ km.
Used to _________________________________________________________________
Inner Planets
(Terrestrial)
Outer Planets
(Jovian)
Size
Motion
Composition
Distance from Sun
Temperature
Density
Pluto:_________________________________ planet. This means _______________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Comets:_______________________________________________________________________
•
They travel in __________________________ orbits.
•
They have a ___________________________ tail.
•
The most famous was _________________________________________.
Asteroids:_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
•
Mostly found between _________________________ & _________________________
•
They have ____________________________ shapes.
•
Sizes range from ___________________________ to ____________________________
Meteors:
Meteoroid
Meteor
Meteorite
Deep Impact Sites:______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
•
Produces a fairly circular depression in the surface of the larger object referred to as an
impact crater.
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Key Terms
chromospheres
corona
photosphere
solar prominences
solar radiation
solar wind
space weather
sunspots
thermonuclear reaction
asteroid
astronomical unit
comet
dwarf planet
Kuiper Belt
meteor
meteorite
meteoroid
moon
Oort Cloud
planet
transit
geosynchronous orbit
optical telescope
probe
radio telescope
rover
satellite
1. _______________________: meteoroid that burns up as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere.
2. _______________________: the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere, a layer of gas that can reach
more than 3 000 000°C.
3. _______________________: a measurement equal to the average distance between the Sun and
Earth, about 150 million km.
4. _______________________: a flat disk of millions of small bodies orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of
Neptune.
5. _______________________: an electronic device put in orbit around Earth to relay information.
6. _______________________: a celestial body that orbits a planet.
7. _______________________: energy emitted from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
8. _______________________: dark patches on the Sun’s surface that are slightly cooler, about 3500°C,
than surrounding areas.
9. _______________________: a meteoroid that is large enough not to burn up entirely, as it passes
through the Earth’s atmosphere, and therefore reaches Earth’s surface.
10. _______________________: a space vehicle carrying scientific instruments and sent to fly past, orbit,
or land on a celestial body to collect data.
11. _______________________: the 3000 km thick layer of atmosphere beneath the Sun’s corona,
composed of hot, low density gas.
12. _______________________: the passage of a planet between the Earth and the Sun.
13. _______________________: a small, sophisticated, robotic probe designed to land on a planet,
explore and test the surface, and send information back to Earth.
14. _______________________: a celestial body orbiting the Sun that has enough mass to have a nearly
round shape due to its own gravity, has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and does not
orbit any object other than the Sun; generally smaller than a planet.
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15. _______________________: streams of high-energy particles ejected by the Sun.
16. _______________________: the orbit of a satellite that is moving at the same speed and direction as
Earth’s rotation, with the result that the satellite stays stationary above a fixed point on Earth.
17. _______________________: one of many small rocky bodies in our solar system, most of which orbit
the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.
18. _______________________: conditions produced by the Sun that have an effect on the inner solar
system, and particularly on the technological devices on or near Earth.
19. _______________________: a celestial body that orbits one or more stars, is large enough that its
own gravity holds it in a spherical shape, and is the only body occupying the orbital path.
20. _______________________: a spherical cloud of small icy fragments of debris at the outskirts of the
Sun’s gravitational influence; thought to be a source of comets.
21. _______________________: a large receiver that collects radio waves and therefore can detect
objects that are invisible to optical telescopes.
22. _______________________: the thin outer layer of the Sun where hot gas rises to the surface, cools,
and then sinks back into deeper layers; reaches temperatures of about 5800°C.
23. _______________________: the fusion of two or more atoms to create a different, larger atom, and a
great deal of energy.
24. _______________________: a rocky chunk, broken off an asteroid or planet, which floats through
space.
25. _______________________: a small body made up of rocky material and ice that occurs in the Kuiper
Belt and the Oort Cloud.
26. _______________________: reflecting or refracting telescope used to focus light from distant objects.
27. _______________________: large loops of super-hot gas that extend out from the Sun’s surface.
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Comprehension Questions
1. What are the three effects the Sun can have on the Earth?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What material makes up most of the Sun’s mass?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the name of the dark areas on the photosphere of the Sun?
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. A) What are the names of the light phenomena that occur in the sky at the North and South poles?
____________________________________________________________________________________
B) Explain why these occur.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the hottest layer of the Sun?
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. How is Earth protected from solar wind?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is meant by the term “Goldilocks Zone”?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. What three conditions must be met for a celestial body to be classified as a planet?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Name two planets that do not have moons.
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. How many planets in the solar system have liquid water, ice, and clouds?
____________________________________________________________________________________
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11. Where are asteroids formed?
____________________________________________________________________________________
12. How are meteors formed?
____________________________________________________________________________________
13. Which planet...
a) Has the shortest day? ___________________________________________________
b) Is called the red planet? _________________________________________________
c) Has an atmosphere composed of almost all carbon dioxide? ____________________
d) Has an extreme temperature range of 400° to 183°? _______________________
e) Is closest to the Sun? ___________________________________________________
f) Is furthest from the Sun? ________________________________________________
14. Where is the Kuiper belt found?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
15. A) Describe the composition of a comet.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
B) How does the tail of a comet form?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
16. What is a shooting star?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
17. What is the main purpose of a rocket?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
18. What is Canadarm 2 and what can it do?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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19. What are some of the advantages of Dextre?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
20. What are the main differences between Canadarm 1 and Canadarm 2?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
21. What factors must be taken into consideration when designing a spacesuit?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
22. Give two reasons why a probe would be sent to another planet before a human world.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
23. Describe a disadvantage of using a telescope positioned in space.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 11 Practice Test
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements about the Sun is false?
A. In the photosphere, hot gas rises to the surface, cools, and then sinks back into deeper layers.
B. Solar prominences are large loops of super-hot gas that extend out from the Sun’s surface.
C. The corona is the innermost part of the Sun.
D. The dark patches on the Sun’s surface are called sunspots.
2. What is the temperature of sunspots?
A. about 10°C
B. about 3500°C
C. about 25 000°C
D. about 100 000°C
3. Which of the following could be damaged by space weather?
A. buildings
B. Earth’s orbit
C. satellites
D. wetlands
4. Which of the following statements does not describe an astronomical unit?
A. about 150 million km
B. equal to one light-year
C. the average distance between the Sun and Earth
D. used to measure distances in the solar system
5. Which of the following are sometimes called shooting stars?
A. asteroids
B. comets
C. meteors
D. planets
6. Which of the following statements about optical telescopes is false?
A. can be affected by cloudy weather, air and light pollution, and distortion caused by heat and the
atmosphere
B. collect wavelengths that are longer than those of light
C. use lenses to gather and focus light
D. use mirrors to collect light and project the image to an eyepiece lens
7. Which of the following planets has the least mass in our solar system?
A. Jupiter
B. Neptune
C. Saturn
D. Venus
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8. Which of the following parts is not a component of a rocket?
A. frame
B. guidance
C. payload
D. rover
Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Term
_____ 9.
_____ 10.
_____ 11.
_____ 12.
_____ 13.
_____ 14.
_____ 15.
_____ 16.
reaction
asteroid
comet
dwarf planet
meteorite
Oort Cloud
rover
solar wind
thermonuclear
Descriptor
A. a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is smaller
than a planet but massive enough for its own
gravity to give it a round shape
B. a process where two or more atoms fuse to
create a different, larger atom, as well as a
tremendous amount of energy
C. a robotic space explorer
D. a source of comets
E. high-energy particles from the Sun’s corona that
rush past Earth
F. meteoroids that land on Earth’s surface
G. rocky material composed of ice, rock, and gas
H. small body that is believed to be leftover remains
of the formation of the solar system
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