Download Perverting the Constitution for Power

Perverting the Constitution for Power
Exclusive: The U.S. Supreme Court’s right-wingers are making bizarre arguments
for gutting the Voting Rights Act, suggesting their real goal is to allow more
suppression of minority voters and thus elect a Republican president who
will keep the right-wingers as the Court’s majority, writes Robert Parry.
By Robert Parry
Official Washington’s boilerplate regarding the five right-wing justices on the
U.S. Supreme Court is that they are “strict constructionists” who believe in a
literal reading of the Constitution. But the reality is that these guys act as
if they’ve never read the Constitution and have spent too much time watching Fox
News.
For instance, Justice Anthony Kennedy, who is widely regarded as the “reasonable
centrist” in this group, seems to believe that the Constitution made each state
an “independent sovereign.” He used that phrase last Wednesday in oral arguments
on whether to strike down the Voting Rights Act and especially Section Five,
which requires jurisdictions with histories of racially motivated voter
suppression to get federal court permission before changing their voting laws.
Kennedy expressed concern that this requirement violated the constitutional
provision declaring each state, in this case Alabama, to be an “independent
sovereign.” However, there is no such language in the U.S. Constitution. In
fact, the Constitution intentionally expunged language about states being
“independent” and “sovereign,” which appeared in Article Two of the Articles of
Confederation as it governed the United States from 1777 to 1787.
The problems caused by that language led to the convening of the Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. The idea of 13 “independent” and “sovereign”
states had proven unworkable, so George Washington, James Madison and other
Framers jettisoned it in favor of national sovereignty invested in “We the
People of the United States.”
General Washington, who presided at the convention, was a particular foe of
state “sovereignty” because he and his revolutionary soldiers had suffered under
the chaos of 13 “independent” states failing to meet obligations to fund and
equip the Continental Army. That chaos then continued through the first years of
independence.
So, the Constitutional Convention ignored its instructions to simply propose
amendments to the Articles of Confederation and instead threw them out
altogether, including Article Two which read: “Each state retains its
sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and
right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated.”
In the Articles of Confederation, national sovereignty was specifically denied
the central government, which was not deemed a nation or government but simply a
“firm league of friendship.” That power relationship was essentially flipped by
the Constitution, which made federal law supreme and left the states responsible
mostly for local matters.
Rewriting the History
The consolation prize that the states got was the Tenth Amendment which, in
effect, replaced Article Two of the Articles of Confederation and must be read
in comparison to that language of “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.” The
Tenth Amendment simply states that “the powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to
the States respectively, or to the people.”
Though the modern American Right has sought to make the Tenth Amendment a
central governing principle claiming that it tightly constrains the federal
government and gives broad authority to the states the amendment was really a
rhetorical sop to the Anti-Federalists. It had very little meaning since the
Constitution granted sweeping powers to the Congress and to the President, which
is why the Anti-Federalists fought so hard to block ratification.
But the Right’s narrative of the nation’s Founding often ignores why the
Constitution was written, i.e. to obliterate the failings of the Articles of
Confederation. By deleting that key part of the story, the Right can pretend
that the Framers were seeking a weak central government and were enamored of
states’ rights, when nearly the opposite was true.
So, you’ll hear in the ubiquitous right-wing media this “scholarship” about how
the Framers wanted the states to be “sovereign” and “independent.” But what was
alarming about Kennedy’s remark is that it appears this bogus narrative has now
seeped into the U.S. Supreme Court, where the right-wing justices seem to
believe the Articles of Confederation are still in force. [For more on this
history, see Robert Parry’s America’s Stolen Narrative.]
Kennedy is seeing language that is not in the Constitution. One has to begin to
wonder if he is simply in thrall to the right-wing faux history, or is he just
another political activist masquerading as a justice, eager to do what he can to
insure that a Republican succeeds President Barack Obama and then will appoint
new right-wing justices when some of the current ones retire.
In this apparent pursuit of a permanent right-wing majority on the Supreme
Court, Chief Justice John Roberts presented his own sloppy reasoning for
striking down Section Five of the Voting Rights Act. He claimed without
providing a source that the proportion of blacks voting in Mississippi is much
higher than the number in Massachusetts. Roberts called Mississippi the best and
Massachusetts the worst.
But Massachusetts officials, including aides to African-American Gov. Deval
Patrick, denied Roberts’s claim, and Supreme Court clerks declined to provide
data to support the Chief Justice’s claim, which apparently originated in a
dubious reading of Census data.
But the central flaw in Roberts’s argument — even if his numbers were right — is
that no one is alleging that Massachusetts has a history of Jim Crow laws
suppressing the black vote. Mississippi does. And it’s fair to say that the
Voting Rights Act is a principal reason the black vote is as high as it is.
Voting as ‘Racial Entitlement’
Rounding out the right-wing justices’ efforts to transform the high court into
what sounds more and more like a Fox News’ pundit panel, Justice Antonin Scalia
threw in his cranky notion that the Voting Rights Act was a “perpetuation of
racial entitlement,” suggesting that the right of blacks to vote was some kind
of federal government handout.
Scalia, who is widely acclaimed by the mainstream media as a great legal
intellect, apparently has little knowledge of the Fifteenth Amendment, which
states: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.”
That would seem to make clear that Congress has the authority to exercise its
judgment in protecting the rights of blacks and other minorities to vote, which
Congress did in passing the Voting Rights Act in 1964 and overwhelmingly
reauthorizing it as recently as 2006.
But now the right-wing clique running the U.S. Supreme Court seems ready to
ignore the wording of the U.S. Constitution, to rely on some dubious data, to
utter some inflammatory words, and to apply language from the inoperative
Articles of Confederation to gut the Voting Rights Act and permit the
restoration of Jim Crow laws.
Based on this anything-goes interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, these
right-wing justices are now expected to at least strike down Section Five, thus
clearing the way for Republican-controlled states to enact new ways to devalue
the votes of blacks, Hispanics, Asian-Americans and urban white youth who
embrace the nation’s multiculturalism.
One almost expected these right-wing justices to resurrect the “Three-Fifths of
a Person” clause, which was repealed by the post-Civil War amendments ending
slavery and asserting equal protection under the law. Why not? If they’re
reaching back to the state “sovereignty” and “independence” in the Articles of
Confederation, which was repealed by the Constitution, why not embrace the
concept that whites are more of a person than non-whites?
The Court’s right-wing majority seems determined to do whatever it can to get
another Republican president into the White House as soon as possible so their
majority will be sustained, much as five Republican partisans installed George
W. Bush after Election 2000, although he lost the popular vote and would have
lost Florida if the Court had allowed all legally cast ballots to be counted.
However, as Bush’s fate and the Court’s Republican majority hung in the
balance, five GOP partisans including current Justices Scalia, Kennedy and
Clarence Thomas suddenly fell in love with the post-Civil War’s Fourteenth
Amendment and its “equal-protection-under-the-law” principle. With Kennedy
writing the majority opinion, they somehow twisted it into an excuse for not
counting the votes of blacks and poor people.
That way a Republican was put into the White House and could fill Court
vacancies, which Bush did in selecting John Roberts and Samuel Alito to replace
William Rehnquist and Sandra Day O’Connor.
Now, by overturning much if not all of the Voting Rights Act, the Supreme
Court’s Republican majority could clear the way for more suppression of nonwhite votes and thus increase the chances that a Republican president will be in
place to ensure that the right-wing majority doesn’t slide into the minority.
[For a limited time, you can purchase Robert Parry’s trilogy on the Bush family
for only $34. For details, click here.]
Investigative reporter Robert Parry broke many of the Iran-Contra stories for
The Associated Press and Newsweek in the 1980s. You can buy his new
book, America’s Stolen Narrative, either in print here or as an e-book
(from Amazon and barnesandnoble.com).