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Digestive System Bookwork Pages 432-478 KEY Multiple Choice: #3: The GI tube layer responsible for the actions of segmentation and peristalsis is: a.) Serosa b.) Mucosa c.) muscularis externa d.) submucosa ! #4. The closure of which valve is assisted by the diaphragm: a.) ileocecal b.) pyloris c.) cardioesophegeal d.) upper esophageal ! #5. Where in the stomach do the strongest peristaltic waves occur? a.) body b.) cardiac region c.) fundus d.) pylorus ! #6. Which of these organs lies in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen? a.) stomach b.) spleen c.) cecum d.) liver ! #10. Hormones that act to decrease blood glucose level include: a.) insulin b.) glucagon c.) epinephrine d.) growth hormone ! #11. Which events occur shortly after eating: a.) use of amino acids as a major source of energy b.) lipogenesis (and fat deposit) c.) Breakdown of fat reserves d.) Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles and other body tissues. ! ! ! Short answer questions: 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 18, 21, 22, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35 ! #4. What is the mesentery? The peritoneum? The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen. Consists of the parietal and visceral layers. ! #5. Proximal to distal subdivisions of small intestines: Duodenum, Jejunum, Lleum Proximal to distal subdivisions of large intestines: Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal, Anus ! #6. Structure and function of villi: Villi are extensions of the mucosa of the small intestines. They increase the surface area of the small intestine for nutrient absorption. ! #11. Name the organ where protein digestion begins: Stomach ! #15. Define Emulsify: to create a system containing two immiscible liquids in which one is dispersed in the form of small globules. ! #21. What substances are adsorbed in the large intestines: absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body. ! #28. Define BMR and name 2 factors that are important in determining an individual’s BMR: Basal metabolic rate. Body size, body composition, weight, height, gender, muscle mass, etc. ! #29. If your total caloric intake exceeds your TMR, what can you expect to happen? weight gain, the excess calories get stored in fat. ! #32. Where is the bodies thermostat? Hypothalamus, located in brain ! #34. What is a fever? What does it indicate? an abnormally high body temperature. Indicates that there is an infection within the body, and is the body’s defense to try to kill invaders.