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Physics 2
Electrical current
1. Current is a flow of what?
2. What is the size of the electrical current?
3. In a series circuit what happens to
current?
4. In a parallel circuit what happens to
current?
5. What is the equation for working out
current?
6. What is potential difference?
7. What is the potential difference like in a
series circuit?
8. What is the potential difference like in a
parallel circuit?
9. What is the equation for working out
potential difference?
10. What do current potential difference
graphs show?
11. Describe what you would see on a graph
for a:
a. Resistor
b. Diode
c. Filament bulb
12. What are LDRs used for?
13. What are thermostats?
14. What is the equation for resistance?
15. Complete these:
16. All atoms contain what?
17. What does friction between two
insulators cause?
18. What happens if charge builds up?
Forces and Motion
19. If two objects interact what must the
forces be?
20. What is the name given to the force
formed by a group of forces working
together?
21. How does this cause a change of state of
rest:
a.
On a moving object force O,
Above 0 and less than 0
b. On a stationary object force O
22. Give two ways speed could be worked
out?
23. Whati s the equation for velocity?
24. What is the equation for force referring to
acceleration?
25. What is acceleration?
26. What does the gradient on a distance
time graph represent?
27. A = (v-u)/2 stands for what?
28. Resistance come from where?
29. If a vehicle travels a constant speed what
happens to resistance?
30. If a vehicle accelerates what happens to
resistance?
31. If an object is travelling fast its breaking
distance must be greater. How can
stopping distance be worked out?
32. Apart from weather, state three things
that could affect a driver’s reaction time.
33. Apart from weather, state three things
that could affect stopping distance.
34. How is a mile worked out?
35. If an object is fallingthrough a fluid what
initially happens?
36. Then what happens?
37. What is meant by terminal velocity?
38. What happens when a parachute is
released?
39. What happens when the ground is hit?
40. What is the equation for weight in terms
of gravity?
41. What does the effect of
a. Squashing
b. Squeezing
have on an object?
42. A force applied to an elastic object will
result in the objecy doing what?
43. Once a string goes past its limit of
proportionality what will happen?
44. Why don’t wires obey Hooke’s law?
45. What is the equation to measure force in
terms of extension?
Household Electricity
46. How many times a second does current
change direction in a main’s electrical
supply?
47. On which wire does the energy arrive?
What colour is it?
48. The blue wire is the neutral wire. Why is it
there?
49. What is the purpose of the earth wire?
What colour is it?
50. In a three core cable what are each core
for?
51. What is the symbol for double insulated?
52. Some appliances have two layers of
plastic and no earth wire. Why do people
not get an electric shock if the wire
becomes loose?
53. Which metal are conducting pins made
from?
54. Why are cables that carry high currents
much thicker than low current wires?
55. What are fuses?
56. What happens if an unexpectedly high
current flows?
57. Why are fuses always in the live wire?
58. Why is a fuse just higher than the usual
current for the appliance chosen, and not
one that is lower or significantly higher?
59. What are miniature circuit breakers?
60. Why are they more convenient?
61. What are residual current circuit
breakers?
62. When do they turn off?
63. Describe what will happen in a 3 core
cable kettle when the live wire becomes
loose and the fuse doesn’t detect a fault
and the wire comes into contact with the
metal.
64. Why are energy saving lightbulbs more
efficient?
65. What does the equation p=e/t stand for?
66. What does the equation p = cxpd stand
for?
67. Why is an alternating current used in
circuits?
68. What is the equation for frequency
referring to the number of cycles per
second?
69. On an oscilloscope which axis is the
potential difference and which is the
time?
Work and energy and momentum
70. ……give the ability to do …..and when…..is
done …..is changed from ….form into…..
71. What is meant by work done?
72. What is the equation for work done?
73. What is gravitational potential energy?
74. What is the equation for gravitational
potential energy?
75. What is kinetic energy?
76. What is the equation for kinetic energy?
77. What is momentum?
78. Do bigger or smaller objects have more
momentum?
79. What is the equation for momentum?
80. Momentum is a ……pointing the
same…..as velocity. In a …..system the
total momentum……an event is equal to
the …..momentum after the event.
81. What is this known as?
Radioactivity
82. What is an isotope?
83. Who was Thomson and what did he do?
84. Who was Rutherford and what did he do?
85. What was his conclusion?
86. State five ways in which radiation occurs
naturally
87. Why are alpha, beta and gamma particles
known as ionising?
88. Describe the features and properties of
alpha particles.
89. Describe the features and properties of
beta particles.
90. Describe the features and properties of
gamma rays.
91. What is nuclear decay?
92. The ….. of a radioactive isotope is the …..
of …. Particles emitted…..second,
measured in …..
93. Give two examples of alpha decay
94. Give two examples of beta decay
95. How do smoke detectors work in terms of
alpha particles?
96. How do thickness detectors work in terms
of beta particles?
97. What is the cobalt unit?
98. How does Radioactive therapy work?
99. Give a detailed explanation of nuclear
FISSION
100. How is plutonium formed?
101. How are the neutrons controlled in a
reaction?
102. What is depleted uranium?
103. What does reprocessing involve?
104. What is a dirty bomb?
105. What is a PWR reactor?
106. In one sentence summarise nuclear
fission
107. Give a detailed explanation of nuclear
fusion
108. How did scientists make uncontrolled
fusion?
109. In one sentence describe nuclear fusion.
110. What is a nebula?
111. What does it turn into?
112. What is this?
113. What is a main sequence star?
114. What is a red giant?
115. What does it turn into?
116. What does this turn into?
117. What is a red supergiant?
118. What does it turn into?
119. What is this?
120. What is a black hole?
121. What is a neutron star?
Physics 3
Moments
1. What is a moment?
2. What does the equation m= f x d
represent?
3. What must the balance be like if an object
is not turning?
4. What must the balance be like if an object
is turning clockwise?
5. What are leavers?
6. What is meant by centre of mass?
7. How would you find a centre of mass on
an irregular object?
8. On a regular shape where is the centre of
mass?
9. On a hanging object where is the centre
of mass?
10. If an object is knocked and the weight
acting down from the centre of mass is
inside the bass what will happen?
11. If an object is knocked and the weight
acting down from the centre of mass is
outside the bass what will happen?
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The formula T = 1/f stands for what?
What does time period depend on?
What machines use hydraulic pressure?
What is the function of a master cylinder?
If a liquid is virtually incompressible what
happens to the pressure?
If different cross sectional areas are used
as a force multiplier, what does it mean if
a load is pushed 5x more than the effort?
What does the equation p= f x a stand
for?
If something is in N/Cm₂ is it a pascal?
What is centripetal force?
Why does velocity change?
Give three examples of centripetal forces
How can you increase centripetal force.
Give three examples?
Electromagnetism
24. When a ……. flows through a …..a……..field
is produced around the ……
25. Which finger of the left hand is used to
represent current and which way does it
always flow?
26. Magnetic field flows from which pole and
is represented by which finger of the left
hand?
27. What can you derive from this?
28. the force experience by a wire carrying a
current is known as what?
29. State three ways in which a motor can be
made to turn faster
30. If a large current flows through a
loudspeaker what will happen to the
vibrations and thus sound?
31. If a conducting wire and magnetic field
move relative to each other what will
happen?
32. State three ways in which potential
difference can be reversed
33. What is a split ring commutator?
34. When will a conductor not experience a
force relative to magnetic field? What
does it rely on instead?
35. What is a transformer?
36. Why do transformers have alternating
current and not a direct current?
37. If an electrical conductor cuts through a
magnetic field what happens?
38. In a step up transformer which side, the
primary or secondary, has the greater
potential difference?
39. In a step down transformer which side,
the primary or secondary, has the greater
potential difference?
40. If a magnet is moved into a coil of wire
what will happen?
41. The equation VS/VP=NS/NP stands for
what and is used to calculate what?
42. If transformers are assumed to be 100%
efficient which equation is used?
43. What are switch mode transformers?
44. What are their advantages and
disadvantages?
Medical Physics
45. Do x rays have a long or short
wavelength? On what order of magnitude
is it?
46. Why can they harm dividing cells?
47. What does it mean when ‘xrays produce
negative pictures’?
48. What is the purpose of charged coupled
devices?
49. What are CAT scans?
50. How do they work?
51. How do radiographers protect themselves
from exposure?
52. What is ultrasound?
53. What is meant by partial reflection?
54. How do you calculate the time taken for
the reflection to reach a detector?
55. What do you have to make sure you do in
this calculation?
56. Describe two uses of ultrasound.
57. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of xrays, CAT scans and ultrasound
58. What is refraction?
59. When will a light ray bend?
60. Give the two equations used to represent
the refractive index.
61. What is meant by total internal
reflection?
62. What is an endoscope?
63. How does laser eye surgery work?
64. Draw a semi circle and draw in three lines
indicating a)smaller than critical angle
b)equals critical angle c)greater than
critical angle
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How do lenses form images?
What are virtual images?
What are real images?
What four things could happen to an
image?
What is the equation for magnification?
What is focal length?
What does the focal length depend on?
What are converging lenses? What do
they do?
How would it be represented in an exam?
Complete the following:
a. An ….. ray parallel to ….. refracts
through the….. and passes
through the ….. focus on the
other side
b. An ….. ray …. passing through the
…. focus …. Through the line and
travels …. to the axis
c. A ….. ray …. Through the …. Of
the lens …. In the …. Direction
What are diverging lenses? What do they
do?
How are they represented in exams?
Complete the following:
a. An …. Ray parallel to …
refracts….lens and travels
……..with principal ……
b. An …..ray passing through the …..
continues ….. same …..
c. An …. Ray ….passes through the
centre of the lense …………..
Why is the image formed virtual?
What is the cornea?
What is the pupil?
What is the lens?
What is the iris?
What is the retina?
When do ciliary muscles contract and
when do they relax? What does this
movement cause?
What happens if the lens is powerful?
The equation P = 1 / f stands for what?
For a converging lens is this positive or
negative?
For a diverging lens is it positive of
negative?
What is the average distance for good
sight?
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What is short sightedness caused by?
How is it rectified?
What is long sightedness caused by?
How is it rectified?
How do cameras form images?
Is the image formed real or virtual?
Is it inverted?
Which part of the camera acts as the
retina?
98. What is an aperture?
99. What is the difference between the eye
and the camera?