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What is evolution? • Change over time – DNA – mutations • Genes and mutations that are beneficial are passed on to offspring – Goal of all living things: pass genes on to another generation • What if a gene causes a bad mutation? 15.1 The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity Definitions • Evolution: – Change over time – The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms • Theory: – Well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that occur in the natural world Voyage of the Beagle • Charles Darwin – Born in England, 1809 – Boarded the Beagle in 1831 for it’s journey around the world Charles Darwin • Made observations and collected evidence • Kept detailed notes and brought specimens home to study back in England • Proposed a hypothesis about how life changes over time The Voyage of the Beagle Darwin’s Observations • Patterns of Diversity – Darwin noticed that organisms living in different habitats and environments had very different traits – And…similar environments had organisms with similar traits Darwin’s Observations • Living Organisms and Fossils – Darwin collected fossils and compared them to animals alive today Darwin’s Observations • The Galapagos Islands – Located off the coast of Ecuador – The islands are close together, but the climates on them are different – Animals living on these islands were different depending on the environment Darwin’s Observations • Darwin studied finches from the Galapagos – Found that they differed from island to island – Realized that each different species evolved from an original South American ancestor