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Grammar 3.1 What Is an Adjective; Predicate Adjectives What Is an Adjective? An adjective is a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or a pronoun. ● ● Extraordinary weather can cause strange events. Extraordinary weather can cause strange events. ○ Extraordinary and strange are adjectives that modify weather and events. Adjectives make a noun or pronoun special or distinct from all others of its type. ● The cat → Which cat exactly? ○ The ugly cat - http://bit.ly/tHSPjK ○ The enormous cat - http://bit.ly/Nnef9P ○ The fuzzy cat - http://bit.ly/GAkc5B What Is an Adjective? (cont.) Adjectives help you see, feel, taste, hear, and smell all the experiences you read about. Notice how adjectives make the second sentence in this pair descriptive. ● ● During a storm, a boat capsized in the waves. During a violent storm, a large boat capsized in the enormous waves. Adjectives answer the questions what kind, which one, how many, and how much. What kind? a sudden blizzard a brisk wind Which one or ones? the first warning the Mexican earthquake How many or how much? several tornadoes a few drifts What Is an Adjective? (cont.) Articles The most commonly used adjectives are the articles a, an, and the. A and an are forms of the indefinite article. The indefinite article is used before a noun that names an unspecified person, place, thing, or idea. It represents a hypothetical, not a specific noun. ● A weather radar can predict an unusual storm. ○ Any weather radar could predict any unusual storm. No specific radar is mentioned, nor a specific storm. Use a before a word beginning with a consonant sound (“a ball”); use an before a word beginning with a vowel sound (“an egg”). An is also used before words with a silent h. ● An hour ● An heiress ● An herb What Is an Adjective? (cont.) The is the definite article. It points to a particular person, place, thing, or idea. ● The six-o’clock news predicted the tornado. ○ Not any other six-o’clock news, nor any other tornado. What Is an Adjective? Many adjectives are formed from common nouns. Common noun cloud nation statue friend Common adjective cloudy national statuesque friendly A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun. Proper adjectives, like proper nouns are always capitalized. Proper noun North America Olympus Islam (Queen) Elizabeth Proper adjective North American Olympic Islamic Elizabethan Predicate Adjectives A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the verb’s subject. The linking verb connects the predicate adjective with the subject. ● ● Some people are extraordinary. Some people are extraordinary. ○ Extraordinary describes the subject. Notice that extraordinary is an adjective that does not precede (or come before) a noun. ● ● They are very energetic or calm. They are very energetic or calm. ○ Energetic or calm describe they (situationally). Predicate Adjectives (cont.) Predicate adjectives can follow linking verbs other than forms of be. Predicate nouns and pronouns usually only follow forms of be. Forms of taste, smell, feel, look, become, and seem are often used as linkng verbs. ● ● You usually feel lucky to know such a person. You usually feel lucky to know such a person. ○ Feel is our linking verb. You is the subject. Lucky is describing how you feel, as a predicate should.