* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 8/23/2012 1 Bellwork Origins of Sociology
Survey
Document related concepts
Index of sociology articles wikipedia , lookup
Symbolic interactionism wikipedia , lookup
Social norm wikipedia , lookup
Social network wikipedia , lookup
Differentiation (sociology) wikipedia , lookup
Social Darwinism wikipedia , lookup
Social exclusion wikipedia , lookup
Social constructionism wikipedia , lookup
Social development theory wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of culture wikipedia , lookup
Social group wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of terrorism wikipedia , lookup
Structural functionalism wikipedia , lookup
History of sociology wikipedia , lookup
Sociological theory wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
8/23/2012 Bellwork Origins of Sociology OPEN YOUR PAC K ETS TO PAG E 8: SOCIOLOG Y PEOPLE SEARCH 1. EXPLAIN W HAT SOCIOLOGY IS TARGET: 2 . EXPLAIN HOW SOCIOLOGY EMERGED W ALK AROUND THE CLASS, TALKING TO Y OU R CLASSMAT ES AND COMPLET E T HE CHART. 3 . IDENTIFY KEY CONTRIBUTIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE FIELD Origins of Sociology Developed in Mid 1800s, when European social observers began using the scientific method. 4 factors led to the development of sociology. (SPIN) Origins of Sociology Social upheaval as a result of the Industrial Revolution Political revolutions in France and the United States—rethink social lives Imperialism led to contact with other cultures Natural Sciences’ success in using systematic methods to answer questions. Auguste Comte Bellwork Coined term Sociology Look at the following symbols. 1. Give a description of each. Suggested POSITIVISM (scientific methods to the 2. social world) 3. 4. Sociology used for social reform. What do you call it? How does it relate to other aspects of social life? How does it directly relate to your life? Does it exist in other countries? If so, in what form? How is it used? Historical Analysis When did the object come into existence? Why? Has it changed? 1 8/23/2012 Herbert Spencer Tomorrow Societies are evolutionary BRING ANY ORD INARY OBJECT FROM HOME. Survival of the fittest/Social Darwinism No intervention, reform is wrong Karl Marx Max Weber (Major Figure) Economics is not the only thing that effects social Conflict perspective: conflict between “haves and behavior (examined religion, culture, etc). have-nots” is key to human history. Change society through revolution Verstehen and Social Facts Advocated Value Free research No values or bias Not possible, but an idea goal. Replication to validate results. Verstehen and Social Facts Weber argued people should use Verstehen (grasp by understanding) in order to see beyond social facts to subjective meanings. Durkheim argued that social facts reflect condition about society, and should be used to understand other social facts. Social facts: patterns that characterize a social group) Sociologists use Verstehen to interpret social facts. 2 8/23/2012 Sexism in Sociology Early Sociology dominated by men. Some women did manage to study Soc, but their findings were ignored (Europe and US) Harriet Martineau published “Society in America” before Weber and Durkheim were born. Emile Durkheim (Major Figure) Goal 1—Get sociology recognized as own academic discipline Goal 2—Social factors influence human behavior Goal 3—Research should be practical, learn about AND solve problems. The Basics Suicide (by Emile Durkheim) Durkheim studied connections between individuals and society. THE ESSENTIAL SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY Used social science to show that social forces affect human behavior. Bellwork Read Jeremy Durkheim found out that: Suicide rates are higher for widows, single and divorced people than married. Suicide rates are higher for people without children than with children. Suicide rates are higher among Protestants than Catholics. Explained that stronger social control among Catholics results in lower suicide rates than Protestants 3 8/23/2012 The Interpretation People have a certain level of attachment to their groups, which he calls social integration. Abnormally high or low levels of social integration may result in increased suicide rates; low social integration results in disorganized society, causing people to turn to suicide as a last resort high levels cause people to kill themselves to avoid becoming burdens on society. Durkheim’s 4 types of suicide: Anomic: Weak social regulation between the society's norms and the individual. Since the individual does not identify with society, suicide to escape. Fatalistic: Social regulation is completely instilled in the individual. There is no hope of change--the only way out is suicide. Durkheim’s 4 types of suicide: Egoistic suicide: Individual is weakly connected to society, so few social ties prevent suicide. Altruistic suicide: Individual is extremely attached to the society society’s norms will override their hesitation. Rate of Death by Suicide, by Race and Sex, for the United States Suicide rates are higher for white people than for black people and higher for men than women. Rates indicate the number of deaths by suicide for every 100,00 people in each category for 2002. Source: Kochanek et al. (2004) 4