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Transcript
From cell to an organism In _____________ ____________ a single cell caries out all the functions of the organism. Specialised cells In ______________ ____________ different types of cells have different __________ and preform specific __________. We say that these cells are ___________________. Levels of organisation Organelles > Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ Systems > Organism Organelle: Cell: Tissue: Organ: Organ system: Organism: 1. Cells form ____________: consist of similar cell types that preform the same job. 2. Groups of tissues form ______________: made up of different types of tissues. 3. Groups of organs that work closely together form __________ ___________ . Specialised cells – human body Muscle cells (movement) – three types: _____________ muscle _____________ muscle _____________ muscle circle the correct: circle the correct: circle the correct: Voluntary movement Voluntary movement Voluntary movement Involuntary movement Involuntary movement Involuntary movement Nerve cells (communication) • Nerve cells, also called __________, are found in your brain. • Nerve cells transmit information from the ________ to other parts of the body, and back to the brain, through __________ and ___________ signals. • Some neurons have very long fibres extending from the cell, called ________, which allow the cell to carry messages over long distances. Blood cells (carry oxygen/carbon dioxide) • Red blood cells carry _________ (you breathe in) from the ________, around the body, to all your cells. • The oxygen is then used by _____________ in cells to release the energy you need. • ______ blood cells also carry ______ _________ (waste product) from cells back to the ________. • ______ blood cells are a part of the __________ _________. Fat cells (heat production, insullation and energy storage) You have two different types of fat cells: 1. ________ fat cells: used to _________ ______ for the body, especially when you’re cold (shivering). 2. ________ fat cells: used to ________ ________ in the form of _____. Think of these cells as bags that hold a drop of fat, when your body needs energy it dips into that bag. These cells are found beneath the ______ and ___________ and also function as __________ layer. Tissue – human body (four types) Tissues are a collection of similar cell types that preform the same function. Nerve tissue • Can send _________ and ________ signals around the body. • From _____, via the ______ _____ and _____ to the rest of the body. Epithelial tissue: • Lines the cavities and surfaces of ______ _______ and _______ throughout the body. Organs – human body • Tissues are grouped together into _________. • Different types of _______ contribute to the job that the _______ has to do. Muscle tissue: • Preforms __________. • ________ (lengthens) and ________ (shortens). Connective tissue: • ________ and _____ together other tissue in the body. Fat, bone, cartilage, _________ and _________. Organ systems – human body • Organs work ________, not in isolation. • _______ that work together to preform a specific task (e.g. food digestion, breathing, movement) can be grouped as an _______ ________. Review Questions: 1. Name the type of cell that transmits chemical and electrical signals around the human body: 2. List the levels of cellular organisation from the least complex to the most complex: 3. Explain why muscle can be described as a tissue: 4. Describe the function of the following cell types: a) muscle cells: b) nerve cells: c) fat cells: d) red blood cells: 5. Explain why tendons and ligaments are called connective tissue: 6. Propose the benefits of multicellular organisms having specialised cells: