Download From cell to an organism

From cell to an organism
In _____________ ____________ a single cell
caries out all the functions of the organism.
Specialised cells
In ______________ ____________ different
types of cells have different __________ and
preform specific __________. We say that
these cells are ___________________.
Levels of organisation
Organelles > Cells > Tissues > Organs >
Organ Systems > Organism
Organelle:
Cell:
Tissue:
Organ:
Organ system:
Organism:
1. Cells form ____________: consist of similar cell types that preform the same job.
2. Groups of tissues form ______________: made up of different types of tissues.
3. Groups of organs that work closely together form __________ ___________ .
Specialised cells – human body
Muscle cells (movement) – three types:
_____________ muscle
_____________ muscle
_____________ muscle
circle the correct:
circle the correct:
circle the correct:
Voluntary movement
Voluntary movement
Voluntary movement
Involuntary movement
Involuntary movement
Involuntary movement
Nerve cells (communication)
• Nerve cells, also called __________, are
found in your brain.
• Nerve cells transmit information from the
________ to other parts of the body, and
back to the brain, through __________ and
___________ signals.
• Some neurons have very long fibres extending from the cell, called ________,
which allow the cell to carry messages
over long distances.
Blood cells (carry oxygen/carbon dioxide)
• Red blood cells carry _________ (you
breathe in) from the ________, around
the body, to all your cells.
• The oxygen is then used by
_____________ in cells to release the
energy you need.
• ______ blood cells also carry ______
_________ (waste product) from cells
back to the ________.
• ______ blood cells are a part of
the
__________ _________.
Fat cells (heat production, insullation and
energy storage)
You have two different types of fat cells:
1. ________ fat cells: used to _________
______ for the body, especially when
you’re cold (shivering).
2. ________ fat cells: used to ________
________ in the form of _____. Think
of these cells as bags that hold a drop
of fat, when your body needs energy it
dips into that bag. These cells are found
beneath the ______ and ___________
and also function as __________ layer.
Tissue – human body (four types)
Tissues are a collection of similar cell types that preform the same function.
Nerve tissue
• Can send
_________
and ________
signals around
the body.
• From _____,
via the ______
_____ and
_____ to the
rest of the body.
Epithelial tissue:
• Lines the cavities
and surfaces of
______ _______
and _______
throughout the
body.
Organs – human body
• Tissues are grouped together into
_________.
• Different types of _______ contribute
to the job that the _______ has to do.
Muscle tissue:
• Preforms
__________.
• ________
(lengthens)
and ________
(shortens).
Connective tissue:
• ________ and
_____ together
other tissue in
the body. Fat,
bone, cartilage,
_________ and
_________.
Organ systems – human body
• Organs work ________, not in isolation.
• _______ that work together to preform
a specific task (e.g. food digestion,
breathing, movement) can be grouped
as an _______ ________.
Review Questions:
1. Name the type of cell that transmits chemical and electrical signals around the human body:
2. List the levels of cellular organisation from the least complex to the most complex:
3. Explain why muscle can be described as a tissue:
4. Describe the function of the following cell types:
a) muscle cells:
b) nerve cells:
c) fat cells:
d) red blood cells:
5. Explain why tendons and ligaments are called connective tissue:
6. Propose the benefits of multicellular organisms having specialised cells: