* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Phrasal Verbs - Gymnázium Dr. Karla Polesného
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
American Sign Language grammar wikipedia , lookup
Proto-Indo-European verbs wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
German verbs wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
GRAMMAR: PHRASAL VERBS Petr Novotný Gymnázium Dr. Karla Polesného Znojmo WHAT IS A PHRASAL VERB A PHRASAL VERB consists of VERB + ADVERB eg. take off (=vzlétnout) The two words form an idiom. The meaning of the phrasal verb is different from the verb alone. Examples of phrasal verbs: break down (=porouchat se), call off (=odvolat), carry out (=uskutečnit), give up (=vzdát se), try on (=vyzkoušet si) etc. WHAT IS A PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERB Sometimes phrasal verb is followed by a preposition, which links it to a noun phrase. In such cases we may speak about PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS. A PHRASAL PREPOSITIONAL VERB consists of VERB + ADVERB + PREPOSITION Eg: I look forward to Christmas. (=Těším se na Vánoce.) Examples of phrasal-prepositional verbs: fall out with (=pohádat se), put up with (=vyrovnat se), look down on (=dívat se spatra), do away with (=vypořádat se), etc. TYPICAL FEATURES [1] In phrasal verbs, the verb is usually a common short (one-syllabic) English verb: add, ask, be, break, bring, check, come, cut, do, fall, get, give, keep, let, look, make, put, run, set, take, turn, work The adverb is usually an adverb of place: about, along, around, away, back, by, down, forward, off, on, out, over, under, up TYPICAL FEATURES [2] Many phrasal verbs can be replaced with one word, which is often more formal. Usually it is a long (polysyllabic) word of foreign origin. PHRASAL VERB ONE VERB MEANING blow up explode vybuchnout break out escape uniknout put up with tolerate vyrovnat se (s) go on continue pokračovat give up surrender vzdát se hand out distribute rozdávat put off postpone odložit put out extinguish uhasit take after resemble podobat se turn down refuse odmítnout etc etc etc INTRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS Some phrasal verbs are intransitive – this means they are used without an object. They are easy to use. Examples of intransitive verbs: When I grow up, I want to be a pilot. (=become an adult) My car broke down. (=stopped working) We had a plan, but it fell through. (=failed) My salary is just enough to get by. (=survive with a little) They turned up at the last moment. (=arrived) I woke up at 7 o'clock. (=stopped sleeping) TRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS [1] Some phrasal verbs are transitive – this means they are followed by an object. Eg. I gave up smoking a year ago. (=stopped) phrasal verb object a) If the object is a noun phrase, it may come before or after the adverb. Eg: She brought up the children. or: She brought the children up. TRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS [2] b) However, if the object is a personal pronoun, it must come before the adverb. The phrasal verb must then be separated into two parts: Eg: She brought them up. not: She brought up them. Eg: He made it up. not: He made up it. PECULIARITIES Often there are parallel examples with a verb + the same words, where one is meaning is literal and the other one is phrasal (idiomatic). Examples: He looked up and saw the stars. (=podívat se nahoru) He looked up the word in the dictionary. (=vyhledat) Please don't bring up the piano. (=vynést nahoru) Please don't bring up the problem. (=dát k úvaze) EXERCISE [1] Complete the gaps with the correct adverb from the box: after away by down off on out through up a) I've tried to give up smoking many times. b) Can I try on these jeans? c) Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. d) He looks down on all his colleagues – he thinks he is the best. e) My sister is very ill, so I must look after her. f) She fell out with him, but then they got back together. g) It's time to do away with the bad habits. h) The wedding plans fell through when the groom fell ill. i) We had just enough money to get by . EXERCISE [2] Rewrite the sentences. Use phrasal verbs instead of the words in bold: a) We continued working until midnight. We went on working until midnight. b) He was offered a new job, but he refused it. He was offered a new job, but he turned it down. c) We managed to extinguish the fire by ourselves. We managed to put out the fire by ourselves. d) Could you please distribute the brochures? Could you please hand out the brochures? e) Who do you resemble more – your mother or your father? Who do you look after more ... ? BIBLIOGRAPHY Leech, G.: An A–Z of English Grammar and Usage. London, Nelson English Language Teaching 1989.