Download IB Biology Name Problem Set Unit 5 – Evolution 1. What is evolution

IB Biology
Problem Set Unit 5 – Evolution
Name _______________________________
1.
What is evolution?
A.
A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual
B.
A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population
C.
A physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring
D.
A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation
2.
Which of the following represent homologous features?
A.
Wings in birds and insects
B.
The appendix in humans and horses
C.
Fins in fish and wings in birds
D.
The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger
3.
Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?
I.
Homologous structures
II.
Selective breeding of domesticated animals
III. Overproduction of offspring
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
4.
Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?
I.
Homologous structures
II.
Selective breeding of domesticated animals
III. Overproduction of offspring
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
5.
Which of the following will promote variation in a species?
I.
Meiosis
II.
Fertilization
III. Natural selection
A.
I only
B.
II only
C.
I and II only
D.
I, II and III
6.
Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?
A.
All bacteria reproduce very quickly.
B.
Bacteria exposed to antibiotics developed a resistance to them.
C.
Varieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics reproduce faster than non-resistant varieties.
D.
Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used.
7.
Which process tends to reduce variety within a population?
A.
Natural selection
B.
Random fertilization
C.
Independent assortment
D.
Crossing over
(Total 1 mark)
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IB Questionbank Biology
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8.
What is the mechanism of natural selection?
A.
Any individuals in a population can be selected entirely by chance.
B.
After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new
conditions.
C.
If an adaptation to the environment is useful, an individual will develop it and pass it on
to its offspring.
D.
Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.
9.
Charles Darwin used domesticated animals to provide evidence for evolution by natural
selection.
What is this evidence?
A.
Differences between breeds show that selection can cause species to change.
B.
The ancestors of domesticated animals can be found in the fossil record.
C.
Some domesticated animals die because the environment cannot support them all.
D.
Variation in domesticated animals is due to sexual reproduction.
10.
Which process has the greatest effect in determining which members of a population are most
likely to survive until reproductive age?
A.
Evolution
B.
Natural selection
C.
Meiosis
D.
Hybridization
11.
In the hierarchy of taxa, what is in a family?
A.
A group of classes
B.
A group of genera
C.
A group of orders
D.
A group of phyla
12.
Ants, bees and wasps are classified in the same order. What can be deduced about these
animals?
A.
They are classified in the same class.
B.
They are classified in different phyla.
C.
They are classified in the same family.
D.
They are classified in different kingdoms.
13.
Which phylum does an animal belong to, if it has stinging tentacles and a mouth, but no anus?
A.
Annelida
B.
Cnidaria
C.
Porifera
D.
Platyhelminthes
14.
Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid?
1. Shows bilateral symmetry
go to 2
Does not show bilateral symmetry
Cnidaria
2. Has a segmented body
go to 3
Does not have a segmented body
go to 4
3. Has jointed legs
A
Does not have jointed legs
B
4. Has a shell
C
Does not have a shell
D
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IB Questionbank Biology
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15.
A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which
specimen is an arthropod?
1.
Non-segmented body ......................................... go to 2
Segmented body ................................................. go to 3
2.
Body is not symmetrical ..................................... specimen A
Body is symmetrical ........................................... specimen B
3.
Jointed appendages present ................................ specimen C
Jointed appendages absent ................................. specimen D
A.
Specimen A
B.
Specimen B
C.
Specimen C
D.
Specimen D
16.
Triarthus was a trilobite that lived on Earth about 500 million years ago. The diagrams below
show its structure, viewed from above and below. The structure was discovered by studying
fossils of Triarthus.
(Total 1 mark)
[Source: R Fortrey, (2000), Trilobite!, page 62]
(a)
There are many animals living on Earth today that belong to the same phylum as the
trilobites, but there are no living trilobites. Deduce, with a reason, the phylum to which
Triarthus belonged.
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(2)
(b)
Outline the evidence for evolution provided by fossils.
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(2)
(c)
Some trilobites swam in clear, shallow water and had very large eyes. Suggest how
species with large eyes could evolve from species with smaller eyes.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
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17.
(a)
Define the term clade.
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(1)
(b)
Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures, giving an example of each.
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(2)
(c)
The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus
sign (+) indicates that the animal has this characteristic while a minus sign (–) indicates
that the characteristic is absent.
Animal
Jaws
Limbs
Hair
Placenta
Salamander
+
+
–
–
Mouse
+
+
+
+
Jellyfish
–
–
–
–
Koala
+
+
+
–
Salmon
+
–
–
–
Based on the features above, a student constructed a cladogram. State the names of the
organisms missing in the following cladogram.
(2)
(d)
Describe the major anatomical features that define humans as primates.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
18.
(a)
(i)
Distinguish between transient polymorphism and balanced polymorphism.
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(2)
IB Questionbank Biology
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(ii)
State an example of transient polymorphism.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Describe an example of a barrier between gene pools.
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(2)
(c)
Outline how variations in DNA can indicate phylogeny.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
19.
(a)
Compare sympatric speciation and allopatric speciation.
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(2)
(b)
Define analogous characteristics using one example to illustrate your answer.
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(1)
(c)
Outline two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of
eukaryotes.
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(2)
(d)
List two anatomical features that define humans as primates.
1. ..................................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
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20.
Common guillemots (Uria aalge) are large sea birds of the auk family. They breed in colonies
at high densities but make no nest. Their single egg is incubated on bare rock. Alloparenting
behavior is frequently observed, where non-breeding birds will take care of other chicks.
Scientists fitted electronic time-depth recorders onto twelve common guillemots and recorded
five different activities during the chick-rearing period: at the colony, in flight, resting or active
on the sea surface and diving. The pie charts below include pooled data from all birds showing
overall time budget and time budget at sea.
[Source: The Journal of Experimental Biology: [email protected].]
(a)
State which activity takes up least of the overall time budget of the guillemots.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Calculate the percentage of the overall time budget the guillemots spend resting on the
sea surface.
............................................ %
(1)
IB Questionbank Biology
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(c)
Outline the activity of guillemots at sea.
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(2)
(d)
Suggest two reasons, other than breeding, why birds spend more time at the colony than
any other activity.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
21.
The tree diagram (cladogram) below shows how closely related a group of species of spiders are
on the Hawaiian island group. Two of the species have not been given a scientific name. Three
pairs of the spiders spin very similar webs. These are shown on the diagram. The island on
which the spider lives is also indicated.
location:
T. laboriosa
- Mainland - USA
T. hawaiensis
- Hawai’i
“emerald
ovoid”
- O’ahu
T. limu
- O’ahu
“eurylike”
- O’ahu
T. acuta
- Maui
T. fliciphilia
- Maui
T. stelarobusta
- Maui
T. eurychasma
- Maui
T. perkinsi
- Hawai’i
[Source: T A Blackledge and R G Gillespie (November 2004), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, (46),
pages 1622816233]
(a)
State which species is most distantly related to T. perkinsi on the basis of the tree
diagram.
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(1)
(b)
Explain the evidence in the diagram for
(3)
IB Questionbank Biology
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(c)
(i)
convergent evolution
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(ii)
adaptive radiation
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Deduce whether spiders that spin similar webs or spiders that live on the same island are
more closely related.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
22.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(1)
(a)
Outline evidence provided for evolution through homologous structures.
(b)
Distinguish between Angiospermophyta and Bryophyta.
(c)
Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be applied to a population in which 12
out of 1000 people exhibit albinism.
(4)
(3)
(8)
(Total 16 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
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