Download OGT Multiple Choice

Unit 5
• Topic: The Cold War (1945-1991)
• The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) emerged as the two strongest
powers in international affairs. Ideologically
opposed, they challenged one another in a series of
confrontations known as the Cold War. The costs of
this prolonged contest weakened the USSR so that it
collapsed due to internal upheavals as well as
American pressure. The Cold War had social and
political implications in the United States.
Chapter 2: Containment
• Content Statement: The United States followed a
policy of containment during the cod War in response
to the spread of communism.
• Expectations for Learning: Analyze the policy of
containment the United States followed during the
Cold War in response to the spread of communism.
Section 1: Containment
• Content Elaboration: The policy of containment
began in the late 1940s to halt the spread of
communism in Europe and Asia. It became the policy
of the United States for decades.
Containment and the
Truman Doctrine
• “It must be the policy of the United States, to support free
peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed
minorities or by outside pressure. We must assist free people
to work out their own destinies in their own way.”
• the policy for the United States to provide military and
economic aid to Greece and Turkey and, by extension, to any
country threatened by Communism or any totalitarian
ideology
• ***In other words--U.S. must help free states fight
communism.
Containment, cont.
• Containment: U.S. wanted to contain
communism--don’t let it spread
• We would be willing to fight
Section 2: Soviet Union Expands Its Influence
• Content Elaboration: Following World War II, most of
the eastern Europe countries had communist
governments and were under Soviet control. The
Chinese Revolution ushered in a communist
government.
The Spread of Communism
Following WWII, the Soviets stayed in Eastern
Euopean countries after chasing Hitler back to
Germany.
The Soviets set up Communist governments in the
following countries:
Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary,
Bulgaria, and Romania
•
•
***Stalin wants communist buffer
***Communism now threatened all of Europe
The Problem of Germany
• A. Germany--split into 4 (US, GB, France, SU)
• B. Berlin also split into 4 (surrounded by SU)
• C. Soviet Union:
• 1. Eventually, they took control of East Germany and East
Berlin
• 2. Forced their regime and communism on their new
territories, even though Stalin promised free and democratic
elections in these places.
• a. Eastern European nations
• b. East Germany
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The Problem of Germany, cont.
• A. Distrust between US and SU grew
• B. Collision course: freedom vs. communism
• C. SU: stop trading with West and start to develop
atomic weapons
• D. This leads to: CONTAINMENT which leads to COLD
WAR
• E. Churchill famous speech on Eastern Europe:
• “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”
• Iron Curtain: used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe
the line of demarcation between Western Europe and the
Soviet zone of influence
“Iron Curtain”
OGT Multiple Choice
• After World War II, Germany was split
into 4 zones of influence. Which
country DID NOT control a part of
Germany?
• A. Spain
• B. Soviet Union
• C. Great Britain
• D. the United States
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Base Test March 2005) At the end of World War II,
Soviet armies liberated the countries of Eastern
Europe from Nazi Germany. The occupation of
these countries by the Soviet Union contributed to
the development of the Cold War by
• A. contributing to conflict in the Middle East
• B. strengthening the authority of the United
Nations
• C. bringing about the reunification of Germany
• D. dividing Europe into communist and noncommunist spheres
The Berlin Blockade
• As Marshall Plan helped, US/SU relations got
worse
• US, France, and GB: want strong Germany
• SU felt threatened
• SU put a blockade around W. Berlin
• allowed nothing in; people were trapped
Berlin Blockade, cont.
A. Berlin Airlift
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
US dropped supplies into Berlin
lasted 324 days
277,000 total flights
2 million tons of supplies
May 1949, Stalin cancels blockade
• B. Germany divided shortly after blockade concelled
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•
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•
1. May 12, 1949
a. German Federated Republic
2. Oct., 1949
a. German Democratic Republic
OGT Multiple Choice
• (2005 Practice Test) After World War II, Germany
was divided into two nations, East Germany and
West Germany. Though they remained politically
divided for over forty years, the people of these
two nations shared a common cultural heritage.
Which action was influenced by this cultural
influence?
• A. West Germany joined NATO in 1955
• B. East Germany joined the Warsaw Pact in 1955
• C. The people of East Germany supported
reunification with West Germany
• D. The people of West Germany supported
withdrawing from the United Nations
OGT Extended Response
• The Berlin Blockade was an event that helped to
start the Cold War between the United States and
the Soviet Union. (4 points)
•
What is a Cold War? (1 point)
•
Why did the Soviet Union want to deny
freedom to Berlin? (1 point)
• What were the results of the Berlin Blockade (2
points)
Section 3: The Marshall Plan and NATO/Warsaw Pact
• Content Elaboration: In Europe, the Marshall Plan
and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
were efforts to contain communism. In Asia, the
policy of containment was the basis for U.S.
involvement in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Marshall Plan
• A. Europe is in shambles
• B. We did NOT want Communism to spread
• Q: How could we stop it from spreading?
• A: Improve conditions in Europe! How? The
Marshall Plan!: a plan for aiding the European
nations in economic recovery after World War
II
Marshall Plan, cont.
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•
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•
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•
•
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The plan: give aid to European countries
passed April 3, 1948
Gave $5.3 billion to Europe for recovery
U.S. wants to save West Europe
This plan worked
a. mostly helped GB, France, and W. Ger.
b. 25% more output
OGT Multiple Choice
•
(Practice Test Booklet 2005) The United States Marshall
Plan following World War II was an effort to provide
• A. military aid to its former enemies
• B. military aid to its allies
• C. economic aid to starving people
in Africa
• D. economic aid to war-torn Europe
OGT Short Answer
•
The Marshall Plan was a plan for European recovery after
World War II. How did the Marshall Plan prove that the
foreign policy of the United States was changing? (2 points)
NATO and Warsaw Pact
A. Throughout 40’s and 50’s Cold War
intensified
1. Aug. 1949 = SU detonates atomic bomb
2. End of 1949 = China becomes Communist
Communist leader is Mao Zedong.
2 Alliances soon formed:
• NATO: an military alliance of twenty-eight
North American and European countries. The
role of the organization is to safeguard the
freedom and security of its member countries
by political and military means.
•
• Warsaw Pact: an organization formed 1955
comprising Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the
U.S.S.R., for collective defense under a joint
military command
NATO/Warsaw Pact, cont.
• B. The creation of NATO (MAP page 718)
•
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
•
a. U.S. + Canada join with 12 W. Eur.
countries
•
2. Later = Greece, Turkey, and W. Germany
•
3. Signed April 4, 1949
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•
•
•
C. Alliance
1. Attack on one = attack on all
2. Senate passes (82-13) 1st Peacetime
alliance
3. DDE = commander of NATO
NATO/Warsaw Pact, cont.
• D. Warsaw Pact
•
•
•
•
1. 1955
2. Alliance formed by SU
3. Countered NATO
4. This increased fears during the Cold
War
Korea and Vietnam
• The containment policy led to “hot”
wars in Korea and Vietnam.
• More on these conflicts later in the
unit!
OGT Multiple Choice
• The United States joined with Canada
and 12 Western European countries to
form our first peacetime alliance. This
organization was called:
• A. League of Nations
• B. United Nations
• C. OPEC
• D. NATO
OGT Multiple Choice
• When China became a Communist
country in 1949, who was their leader?
• A. Syngman Rhee
• B. Mao Zedong
• C. Joseph Stalin
• D. Chang Kai-shek
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) In the years
following World War II there emerged the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the
Warsaw Pact nations. These are examples
of
• A. regional economic cooperative efforts
• B. environmental impact studies
• C. military alliance systems
• D. international tribunals