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Anatomy and Physiology Muscles and Movement 3 types of muscle Cardiac – where found? The Heart Smooth – where found? The walls of hollow organs Skeletal – attaches to and moves the skeleton, it is the only type of muscle under our voluntary control Some key terms ORIGIN – point of attachment that remains fixed during muscle contraction. INSERTION – point of attachment that moves towards the origin during muscle contraction. Some key terms Agonist / prime mover – muscle directly responsible for the movement at a joint. Antagonist – muscle that has the opposite action to the agonist. Fixator – muscle that stabilizes the origin to allow the agonist to work efficiently. Consider…. How would the roles of the muscles change for extension of the elbow? The biceps brachii contracting Remember…. Muscles cannot push, they can only pull. Muscles are arranged in pairs, so whatever movement one muscle can do, it will have a partner to reverse it. These are called antagonistic muscle pairs. We will now identify the movements possible at each joint and the muscles involved in each movement…. Buddy up with a ... - Skeleton chart Muscle chart - REPLACE WITH PRONATION / SUPINATION Example: Wrist Flexion Wrist Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Wrist Flexor Wrist Extensor Extension Wrist Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Wrist Flexor Wrist Extensor Extension Wrist Extensor Wrist Flexor Radio-ulna Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Pronation Supinator Supination Pronator Teres Radio-ulna Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Pronation Pronator Teres Supinator Supination Supinator Pronator Teres Elbow Joint movement Flexion Extension Agonist Antagonist Elbow Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extension Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii Shoulder Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Anterior Deltoid Posterior Deltoid Extension Abduction Middle Deltoid Adduction Latissimus Dorsi Middle Deltoid Medial rotation Subscapularis and Teres Major Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Lateral rotation Subscapularis and Teres Major Shoulder Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Anterior Deltoid Posterior Deltoid Extension Posterior Deltoid Anterior Deltoid Abduction Middle Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi Adduction Latissimus Dorsi Middle Deltoid Medial rotation Subscapularis and Teres Major Infraspinaus and Teres Minor Lateral rotation Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Subscapularis and Teres Major Spine Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Rectus Abdominis Erector Spinae Group Extension Lateral flexion Rotation Rectus Abdominis External Obliques Internal Obliques Spine Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Rectus Abdominis Erector Spinae Group Extension Erector Spinae Group Rectus Abdominis Lateral flexion External Obliques Internal Obliques Rotation Internal Obliques External Obliques Hip Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Iliopsoas Gluteus Maximus Extension Gluteus Maximus Iliopsoas Abduction Gluteus Medius and Minimus Adductor Group Adduction Adductor Group Gluteus Medius and Minimus Medial rotation Gluteus Medius and Minimus Gluteus Maximus Lateral rotation Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius and Minimus Knee Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Flexion Hamstring Group Quadriceps Group Extension Quadriceps Group Hamstring Group Ankle Joint movement Agonist Antagonist Dorsi-flexion Tibialis Anterior Gastrocnemius and Soleus Plantar-flexion Gastrocnemius and Soleus Tibialis Anterior Homework Cut out a picture of a sports performer in action. Identify the movements occurring at each of the major joints and state the joint name, joint type and the agonist and antagonist muscles for those movements.
