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FUNTIONAL ANATOMY FOCUS QUESTION 2. Explain the relationship between anatomical structure and the performance of a physical activity. Agonists & Antagonists • As muscles contract and shorten they pull the bones they are connected to • This allows movement to occur over the joint • The contracting muscle that causes the movement over the joint is known as the agonist (prime mover) • The muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur on the other side of the joint is known as the antagonist MUSCLE PAIRS Muscles always work in pairs. This is because they can only pull on bones. As one muscle pulls, the other relaxes • • • • • Biceps brachii – Triceps brachii Gastrocnemius – Tibialis Anterior Quadriceps – Hamstrings Gluteus Maximus – Ilio Psoas (groin muscle) Anterior Deltoid/Pectoralis Major – Latissimus Dorsi Knee Flexion & Extension During knee flexion: Hamstring = agonist Quadriceps = antagonist During knee extension: Quadriceps = agonist Hamstrings = antagonist Quadriceps = agonist Hamstrings = antagonist Quadriceps = agonist Hamstrings = antagonist Activity Joint Leg Press Knee Action Agonist Antagonist Activity Joint Leg Press Elbow Action Agonist Antagonist Activity Joint Bicep Curl Elbow Action Agonist Antagonist 2 1 1) Joint Action Muscle 2) Joint Action Muscle Activity Joint Action Agonist Antagonist 1) Joint Action Muscle Ankle 3) Joint Hip 2) Joint Knee Action Muscle Action Muscle