Download May 06, 2013

May 06, 2013
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May 06, 2013
NORTH
· more people/soldiers
· more manufacturing
· more farms to provide food for the
troops
· North had more railroads so they
could easily get to battle sites
· they had more banks and wealth
· Lincoln as their leader
· great military leadership
· fought a defensive war in
their own territory
· people were motivated for
liberty, honor, and
traditions
SOUTH
· military leadership
(most either resigned or
were too old)
· had to travel to the South to
fight (offensive war)
· economy couldn't support a war
· less people
· few factories for weapons
· transportation problems
· horses and mules were in short
supply
· paper money value dropped
· food shortages
· ports were blocked so they
couldn't trade
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· perserverance
· craved knowledge
· patient, tolerable of others
· good political leadership
· never wavered from his
goal of saving the union
· perserverance
· military background
· devoted to the
secessionist cause
· only one year of schooling
· little military experience
· didn't enjoy politics
· couldn't form a strong single
nation in the south
May 06, 2013
Geography Challenge
1. The Union has more victories than the Confederacies, only one
indecisive battle, most of the battles were in the South, a lot were
near DC (East), there was not any battles in the NW, shows union
and confederate states and border states.
2. Confederate States
3. The South (Confederate) won because they were overly
confident and fighting a defensive war. They knew the land and
had strong military leadership.
4. The North (Union) won more battles. The Confederacy was
running out of supplies (weapons and food), soldiers and
confidence. The North had more supplies and resources and
could easily travel back and forth. The North started to gain
confidence.
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The Union's "Anaconda Plan"
General Winfield Scott
Step 1: Surround the South by Land and Sea
to cut off trade.
Step 2: Divide the South into sections so that
one rebel region could not help another.
Step 3: Capture Richmond, Virginia - the
capital of the Confederacy, and destroy the
rebel government.
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Bull Run: A Great Awakening
Step 1: Read section 22.3 - up to the heading "The
Battle of Bull Run"
Step 2: Assume your role in this experience. Members of your
group must pretend to be Rose O'Neal Greenhow or one of her
friends living in Washington D.C. You have received some
information about the plans of the Union army that you must
communicate to Confederate leaders.
Step 3: Write your message in secret code. In less than 2 minutes,
write the message below on a piece of scratch paper in a secret
code. Encode the message by substituting numbers for letters - 1
for "A," 2 for "B," and so on. Here's the message:
A large Union force is moving toward Bull
Run near Manassas, Virginia.
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Bull Run: A Great Awakening
Step 4: Decide how you will conceal your message. You must carry
your message out of Washington, D.C. (your group), past the Union
army (your teacher), to the general headquarters for the Confederate
army (the front of the classroom). Only one group member can carry
the message.
Step 5: You will be interrogated (questioned) by the Union
army. When your teacher calls on you, stand and respond to his
or her qustions.
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· Northerners expected a quick victory and an
early end to the war. Instead, the Confederates
defeated the Union troops and drove them back
to Washington.
· Women ran farms and business, worked in
factories, and became teachers and government
workers. They also served in the military as
nurses, messengers,guides, scouts, smugglers,
soldiers,and spies.
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22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair
What was important about the Battle of Antietam?
Robert E. Lee hoped that a victory at Antietam
would convince Maryland to join the Confederacy
and encourage European nations to support the
South. His defeat at Antietam prevented him from
accomplishing these objectives.
What hardships did Civil War soldiers face in combat?
Death tolls were staggeringly high. Rifles, cannons,
and artillery made it easy to kill from a distance.
Inadequate medical attention meant soldiers
frequently died from their wounds. Diseases also
spread throughout the camps, killing huge numbers
of soldiers.
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22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil
War?
Lee, who hoped a victory in this northern city would convince the
Union to ask for peace, lost one third of his army during the battle.
Afterward, he withdrew to Virginia and conducted only a defensive
war on southern soil.
What problems developed on the Union home front during the war?
On the home front,“Copperheads” opposed the war, believing
peace was more important than preserving the Union. Other
opponents were sympathetic to the Confederate cause. The
draft forced men to fight in the war, and riots broke out as
some of them protested.
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Emancipation Proclamation- a formal order issued by Lincoln
in 1863 declaring that slaves in all Confederate states were
to be free.
The Confederates ignored the document and it did not effect
the Union states.
It had a huge impact on the public, but freed very few slaves.
Still, the Emancipation Proclamation changed the war from a
fight to save the Union into a crusade for freedom.
Freeing southern slaves weakened the Confederacy. Some
thought it was a military action. As commander in chief, he
could do this, but as the President, it went against the
constitution.
Former slaves ended up running away and fought in the Union
army.
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22.6 Vicksburg: A Besieged City
Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg important?
The Union victory at Vicksburg meant that the Union
controlled traffic on the Mississippi River, and that the South
was divided.
What problems developed on the Confederate home front during
the war?
Bombing raids forced people to seek protection in hillside
caves. Because of the blockade, imported goods disappeared
from stores. Invading Union forces cut railroad lines and
destroyed crops. Clothing wore out and had to be patched
and repaired.
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Vicksburg: Section 6
1. Possible entries:
• Railroads were used to transport supplies and troops.
• Telegraphs were used to communicate with distant armies.
• Photographs were used to record events.
• Combat occurred between iron-plated steamships.
2. Step 1: The Union built enough iron-clad ships,
like the Monitor, to maintain a naval blockade of
the Confederacy.
Step 2: On July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg
surrendered and Union forces finally took
complete control of the Mississippi, dividing the
Confederacy in two.
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Sec 7 Ft Wagner
White Union Soldiers:Encouraged to enlist at the
start of the war. Received regular pay. If captured in
battle, would be treated as prisoners. Received regular
trainingandequipment.
African American Soldiers:Were not allowed to enlist
until 1862. Often received less pay. If captured in
battle, could be killed or sold into slavery. Received
less training and poorer equipment.
Similarities: Both fought bravely in Civil War. Both
suffered high casualties
.
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Section 8
1. By total war, General Grant meant to wage war on the enemyʼs will to fight and ability to
support
an army.
2. Step 3: Grant battled Leeʼs army at Petersburg for nine months, finally breaking through
and capturing Richmond.
3. Lee Surrenders to Grant—War Finally Over! On April 9, 1865, in Appomattox Court
House, Virginia, General Robert E. Lee formally surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant.
Grant ordered his men to treat the defeated Confederates with respect now that they were
all countrymen again. Lee accepted Grantʼs terms.
4. Possible answers:
• It was the first modern war, using technologies of the Industrial Revolution such as
railroads, the telegraph, and iron-clad ships.
• It introduced the concept of total war—war between entire societies, not just armies.
• It devastated the economy and environment of the South for generations.
• It ended slavery in the United States.
• It affirmed that the United States was a single nation, not a collection of sovereign states.
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Robert E. Lee
· Took risks by attacking the north hoping to gain
support from European nations if he could win
those battles - not successful
· Used strategies to beat the Union even when
they were outnumbered - split the army in two
and surrounded the Union
· He had engineering skills - to make fortifications
(like trenches) into permanent lines to defend
against the Union - Mexican war-allowed his
troops to cross difficult Mountain passes
· Kept the Union away from Richmond - thus
making it hard for the Union to complete the
Anaconda Plan
· Lee surrendered to Grant in the end
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GRANT
Success of the Seige of Vicksburg split the south into
two parts - a major success for the Anaconda Plan
Unconditional surrender - made the Confederates
surrender in a number of battles
Commanded all northern armies after his success at
Vicksburg - Lincoln finally found a commanding officer
that would lead the Union to all out victory.
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Appomattox:Total War Brings an End
What is meant by “total war”? What did the Union army do during
their campaign of total war?
“Total war” means war on the enemy’s will to fight and ability to
support an army. Union soldiers destroyed rail lines and
everything of value. Houses were robbed, crops burned, and
livestock killed.
What terms did Grant offer Lee when he surrendered at
Appomattox Courthouse?
Confederate troops could go home if they promised to stop
fighting. They were allowed to keep their horses and mules,
which would be needed for spring planting. Officers could keep
their swords and weapons. Grant ordered that food be sent to
Lee’s army.