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May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 NORTH · more people/soldiers · more manufacturing · more farms to provide food for the troops · North had more railroads so they could easily get to battle sites · they had more banks and wealth · Lincoln as their leader · great military leadership · fought a defensive war in their own territory · people were motivated for liberty, honor, and traditions SOUTH · military leadership (most either resigned or were too old) · had to travel to the South to fight (offensive war) · economy couldn't support a war · less people · few factories for weapons · transportation problems · horses and mules were in short supply · paper money value dropped · food shortages · ports were blocked so they couldn't trade May 06, 2013 · perserverance · craved knowledge · patient, tolerable of others · good political leadership · never wavered from his goal of saving the union · perserverance · military background · devoted to the secessionist cause · only one year of schooling · little military experience · didn't enjoy politics · couldn't form a strong single nation in the south May 06, 2013 Geography Challenge 1. The Union has more victories than the Confederacies, only one indecisive battle, most of the battles were in the South, a lot were near DC (East), there was not any battles in the NW, shows union and confederate states and border states. 2. Confederate States 3. The South (Confederate) won because they were overly confident and fighting a defensive war. They knew the land and had strong military leadership. 4. The North (Union) won more battles. The Confederacy was running out of supplies (weapons and food), soldiers and confidence. The North had more supplies and resources and could easily travel back and forth. The North started to gain confidence. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 The Union's "Anaconda Plan" General Winfield Scott Step 1: Surround the South by Land and Sea to cut off trade. Step 2: Divide the South into sections so that one rebel region could not help another. Step 3: Capture Richmond, Virginia - the capital of the Confederacy, and destroy the rebel government. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 Bull Run: A Great Awakening Step 1: Read section 22.3 - up to the heading "The Battle of Bull Run" Step 2: Assume your role in this experience. Members of your group must pretend to be Rose O'Neal Greenhow or one of her friends living in Washington D.C. You have received some information about the plans of the Union army that you must communicate to Confederate leaders. Step 3: Write your message in secret code. In less than 2 minutes, write the message below on a piece of scratch paper in a secret code. Encode the message by substituting numbers for letters - 1 for "A," 2 for "B," and so on. Here's the message: A large Union force is moving toward Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia. May 06, 2013 Bull Run: A Great Awakening Step 4: Decide how you will conceal your message. You must carry your message out of Washington, D.C. (your group), past the Union army (your teacher), to the general headquarters for the Confederate army (the front of the classroom). Only one group member can carry the message. Step 5: You will be interrogated (questioned) by the Union army. When your teacher calls on you, stand and respond to his or her qustions. May 06, 2013 · Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war. Instead, the Confederates defeated the Union troops and drove them back to Washington. · Women ran farms and business, worked in factories, and became teachers and government workers. They also served in the military as nurses, messengers,guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers,and spies. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair What was important about the Battle of Antietam? Robert E. Lee hoped that a victory at Antietam would convince Maryland to join the Confederacy and encourage European nations to support the South. His defeat at Antietam prevented him from accomplishing these objectives. What hardships did Civil War soldiers face in combat? Death tolls were staggeringly high. Rifles, cannons, and artillery made it easy to kill from a distance. Inadequate medical attention meant soldiers frequently died from their wounds. Diseases also spread throughout the camps, killing huge numbers of soldiers. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil War? Lee, who hoped a victory in this northern city would convince the Union to ask for peace, lost one third of his army during the battle. Afterward, he withdrew to Virginia and conducted only a defensive war on southern soil. What problems developed on the Union home front during the war? On the home front,“Copperheads” opposed the war, believing peace was more important than preserving the Union. Other opponents were sympathetic to the Confederate cause. The draft forced men to fight in the war, and riots broke out as some of them protested. May 06, 2013 Emancipation Proclamation- a formal order issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring that slaves in all Confederate states were to be free. The Confederates ignored the document and it did not effect the Union states. It had a huge impact on the public, but freed very few slaves. Still, the Emancipation Proclamation changed the war from a fight to save the Union into a crusade for freedom. Freeing southern slaves weakened the Confederacy. Some thought it was a military action. As commander in chief, he could do this, but as the President, it went against the constitution. Former slaves ended up running away and fought in the Union army. May 06, 2013 22.6 Vicksburg: A Besieged City Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg important? The Union victory at Vicksburg meant that the Union controlled traffic on the Mississippi River, and that the South was divided. What problems developed on the Confederate home front during the war? Bombing raids forced people to seek protection in hillside caves. Because of the blockade, imported goods disappeared from stores. Invading Union forces cut railroad lines and destroyed crops. Clothing wore out and had to be patched and repaired. May 06, 2013 Vicksburg: Section 6 1. Possible entries: • Railroads were used to transport supplies and troops. • Telegraphs were used to communicate with distant armies. • Photographs were used to record events. • Combat occurred between iron-plated steamships. 2. Step 1: The Union built enough iron-clad ships, like the Monitor, to maintain a naval blockade of the Confederacy. Step 2: On July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg surrendered and Union forces finally took complete control of the Mississippi, dividing the Confederacy in two. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 Sec 7 Ft Wagner White Union Soldiers:Encouraged to enlist at the start of the war. Received regular pay. If captured in battle, would be treated as prisoners. Received regular trainingandequipment. African American Soldiers:Were not allowed to enlist until 1862. Often received less pay. If captured in battle, could be killed or sold into slavery. Received less training and poorer equipment. Similarities: Both fought bravely in Civil War. Both suffered high casualties . May 06, 2013 Section 8 1. By total war, General Grant meant to wage war on the enemyʼs will to fight and ability to support an army. 2. Step 3: Grant battled Leeʼs army at Petersburg for nine months, finally breaking through and capturing Richmond. 3. Lee Surrenders to Grant—War Finally Over! On April 9, 1865, in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, General Robert E. Lee formally surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant. Grant ordered his men to treat the defeated Confederates with respect now that they were all countrymen again. Lee accepted Grantʼs terms. 4. Possible answers: • It was the first modern war, using technologies of the Industrial Revolution such as railroads, the telegraph, and iron-clad ships. • It introduced the concept of total war—war between entire societies, not just armies. • It devastated the economy and environment of the South for generations. • It ended slavery in the United States. • It affirmed that the United States was a single nation, not a collection of sovereign states. May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 Robert E. Lee · Took risks by attacking the north hoping to gain support from European nations if he could win those battles - not successful · Used strategies to beat the Union even when they were outnumbered - split the army in two and surrounded the Union · He had engineering skills - to make fortifications (like trenches) into permanent lines to defend against the Union - Mexican war-allowed his troops to cross difficult Mountain passes · Kept the Union away from Richmond - thus making it hard for the Union to complete the Anaconda Plan · Lee surrendered to Grant in the end May 06, 2013 May 06, 2013 GRANT Success of the Seige of Vicksburg split the south into two parts - a major success for the Anaconda Plan Unconditional surrender - made the Confederates surrender in a number of battles Commanded all northern armies after his success at Vicksburg - Lincoln finally found a commanding officer that would lead the Union to all out victory. May 06, 2013 Appomattox:Total War Brings an End What is meant by “total war”? What did the Union army do during their campaign of total war? “Total war” means war on the enemy’s will to fight and ability to support an army. Union soldiers destroyed rail lines and everything of value. Houses were robbed, crops burned, and livestock killed. What terms did Grant offer Lee when he surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse? Confederate troops could go home if they promised to stop fighting. They were allowed to keep their horses and mules, which would be needed for spring planting. Officers could keep their swords and weapons. Grant ordered that food be sent to Lee’s army.