Download Test 5, Lecture and Textbook - University of Northern Iowa

Test 5 Textbook & Lecture Study Guide
On test day, several versions of each test are distributed. The questions on each version are
COMPLETELY DIFFERENT from the questions on the other versions. This means is that,
depending on the number of versions, as many as 200 of the items on the study guides for each
test (Lecture-Textbook, and Readings) will appear on the versions of the test, but that only fifty
will appear on the version that you get. The tests are randomly shuffled, so there is no way to
know which version any one student will receive. That is why you must study all of the study
guide items.
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What led to the decline of the Catholic Church around 1000?
What is it called when secular rulers appoint people to religious positions?
Why did secular rulers feel the need to control who occupied religious posts?
What is the acquisition of religious positions for money or other favors called?
What is it called when clergy have sexual relationships in violation of their celibacy vows?
What was Cluny?
Why was Cluny able to spur the reform of the Church?
What was the focus of the Cluniac reform?
In what ways did the Great Revival of the 11th Century manifest itself in secular society?
Who took the lead in trying to reform the church and the papacy?
What abuses did the 11th-century papal reformers before Gregory VII focus on?
What was the immediate cause of the clash between Gregory VII and Henry IV?
What broad church-state issue lay at the heart of the clash between Gregory VII and Henry
IV?
What is it called when a person is barred by the Church from receiving the sacraments?
Why was Henry IV forced at first to see forgiveness from Gregory VII?
Where did Henry IV go to beg forgiveness from Gregory VII?
How did the confrontation between Gregory VII and Henry IV finally end?
What agreement in 1122 finally ended the Investiture Struggle?
What sorts of places offered education in the Carolingian system?
What subjects were taught at Carolingian schools?
How was education reformed between 1000 and 1200?
From whom did students in the 12th century encounter the most hostility?
What did universitas mean in medieval law?
What rights did being a universitas bring with it?
What were the four earliest universities?
What were the entrance requirements at medieval universities?
What methods of instruction were used in medieval universities?
What degrees were offered at medieval universities?
What subjects comprised the trivium?
What subjects comprised the quadrivium?
Who taught that “God is that greater than which nothing can be imagined”?
Who first demonstrated that the truths of faith are not incompatible with reason?
Who first argued that logic can be used to resolve apparent contradictions in Scripture?
The rediscovery of what Greek thinker’s works led to a revolution in philosophy?
Who was responsible for preserving Aristotle’s works during the early Middle Ages?
36. What thinker’s embrace of Aristotelian logic led to a fundamentalist anti-intellectual
reaction?
37. What principles did Robert Grosseteste teach that laid the foundations for modern thought?
38. What does the falsifiability of hypotheses say?
39. What Franciscan friar in England advocated the importance of experimentation?
40. What ancient philosopher’s thought led to the emergence of medieval philosophical
schools?
41. What ancient thinker’s work and thought were banned by the medieval Catholic Church?
42. What philosophical school held that truth is attained through intuition, not intellect?
43. Who taught that philosophy and theology may differ with one another but both be true?
44. Why is scholasticism called ‘Scholasticism’?
45. What principle says that the simplest testable hypothesis is the one that’s probably true?
46. What was the argument of the Realists? What Greek philosopher made a similar argument?
47. What was the argument of the Nominalists? What Greek philosopher made a similar
argument?
48. What Scholastic is regarded as the greatest philosopher of the Middle Ages?
49. Who authored the Summa Theologiae?
50. Who argued that the truths of reason and the truths of faith coexist, and can never conflict?
51. Who argued that God is the First Cause, the Prime Mover, and the Ultimate Perfection?
52. What holy wars did Christians fight besides the numbered Crusades?
53. What were the underlying and immediate causes of the First Crusade?
54. From what sources were the First Crusade recruited?
55. What was the outcome of the First Crusade?
56. What were relations between the Crusaders and their Muslim subjects like?
57. Who led the Muslim counteroffensive that ultimately reconquered Jerusalem in 1187?
58. Who led the Third Crusade?
59. What cities were conquered by the Fourth Crusade?
60. What empire was destroyed by the Fourth Crusade?
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What caused the population increase between 1000 and 1300?
What changes took place in European farming in the High Middle Ages?
What technological changes furthered the expansion of farming in the High Middle Ages?
How did those technological changes affect rural community organization?
For what purposes did medieval people use watermills?
Where did windmills originate?
What crops were planted in the three-field system?
How did higher food prices affect relations between lords and serfs?
What were the three great feasts of the Catholic Church?
What were peasant dwellings like?
Who comprised a typical peasant family?
What foods made up the peasant diet? How heavily did people drink?
What three basic groups made up medieval society?
How were lords and knights different from one another? How did that change?
What steps did the Church take to reduce the violence that knights inflicted on society?
What were the main parts of a medieval castle?
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What rights did aristocratic women have? Who were the “ladies-in-waiting”?
Under the code of chivalry, what were knights supposed to fight for?
What alternative to socially destructive fighting began to appear in the 12th century?
What were the differences between melees and jousts?
What purposes were aristocratic marriages supposed to accomplish?
What cities took the lead in the revival of European trade in the early Middle Ages?
The woolen trade was dominated by the towns of what European region?
What region was famous for its trade fairs?
The revival of a money economy with new trading companies and banks were part of the
rise of what form of economy?
What led to the revival of cities?
Who typically founded new cities and towns in the Middle Ages? Where did they do it and
why?
What is the meaning of borough/burgh/burg?
Who were the bourgeoisie?
What rights were guaranteed by charters of liberties?
What were communes? How did they come into existence?
How did towns in northern Europe differ from those in northern Italy?
What were the typical institutions of medieval town government? How were they chosen?
In what ways did medieval governments regulate town life?
How big a problem was crime in medieval towns? How was it dealt with?
How large were the populations of medieval towns?
Who comprised the populations of medieval towns?
What was the physical environment like in medieval towns?
From what sources did medieval towns get their water?
What were houses like in medieval towns?
What did craft guilds do?
What distinguished apprentices, journeymen, and masters from one another?
What was the original meaning of ‘masterpiece’?
How did the University of Bologna come into being?
How did the University of Paris come into being?
What were the social origins of medieval college students?
How did college students in the middle ages resemble those today?
What body of law had a profound impact of the development of law in the High Middle
Ages?
What is meant by the ‘vernacular’?
On what themes did troubadour poetry focus?
What type of popular literature written in couplets focused on themes like King Arthur?
What were the characteristics of Romanesque architecture?
What were the characteristics of Gothic architecture?
Who won the Battle of Hastings? What were its consequences?
What was the Domesday Book?
How did the Normans change England?
What was the permanent royal treasury called in Norman England?
How did King Henry II reform the administration of royal justice?
What is the meaning of “common law”?
What is Magna Carta? What did it do?
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What were the origins of the English Parliament?
What Houses comprise the English Parliament?
What was the Estates-General? How did it differ from the Parlement?
What was the prolonged war to take back Spain from the Muslims called?
What Christian kingdoms comprised medieval Spain?
Who was El Cid? What did he do?
What effect did the German emperors’ involvement in Italy have on their empire?
Who founded the Holy Roman Empire?
Why was Rudolf of Habsburg elected as Holy Roman Emperor?
Who were the Teutonic Knights? Where were they active?
Who united the clans of Mongolia and made them a mighty empire?
What city was originally known as the City of the Khan?
What areas did the Mongols conquer in the 13th century?
Who was the first Grand Prince of Moscow, and founder of Russia?
Who comprised the papal curia?
What offices comprised the Catholic Church’s administrative structure?
Who believed that as pope, he was the supreme judge of European affairs?
What papal order barred priests from dispensing the sacraments in an entire country?
What monastic order followed a strict discipline of simplicity in diet and dress?
What German abbess acquired renown as a mystic, a prophet, and a composer?
What type of music is Gregorian chant?
What is the meaning of “mendicant orders”?
Why did Francis of Assisi and the Franciscans strike such a responsive chord?
What was the mission of the Dominicans?
What social services did the monasteries provide?
What are sacraments? How many are there? What are they?
What role was played by the saints in medieval popular religion?
What role did the Virgin Mary play in medieval popular religion?
How were relics used in medieval popular religion?
What are indulgences?
What is purgatory?
Who were the Cathars (or Albigensians)? What did they believe?
What is ‘dualism’? What role did it play in medieval religious belief?
What was the character of the Crusade against the Albigensians? Who called for it?
Why was the Holy Office (or Inquisition) created? What techniques did it use?
What led to the outburst of persecution of medieval Jews?
What were the walled-off neighborhoods called where Jews were isolated?
What new city was established by the Shi’ite Fatimids as their capital?
What title meaning “holder of power” was adopted by Seljuk Turk rulers?
What effects did the Crusades have, on the Middle East and on Europe itself?