Download Chapter 5 Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity

Ancient Greece
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Geography
 Greece is located in southeastern Europe
 The main part of Greece is a peninsula (land surrounded by
water on three sides) and the rest of it is made up of islands.
 Greece juts out into the Mediterranean Sea. The Sea
between Greece and the Persian Empire (present day
Turkey) is called the Aegean Sea.
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City-States:
Because Greece has a very mountainous geography, it was
NOT one unified empire. Instead, Greece was divided into
independent city-states and experienced cultural diversity.
Each city-state had its own government and laws. The two
most famous city-states were:
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Athens
 The first democracy in the world
 Direct Democracy- citizens (Greek men) voted and
participated in all decisions of their government
 Believed in education
 Focused on trade, interaction and culture
• Known for its philosophers and writers
(Draw a picture in empty box below)
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Sparta
 A military society where men spent almost all
of their lives as soldiers.
 Spartans had slaves who farmed so the
Spartans could focus on the military
• Very isolated
(Draw a picture in box below)
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Socrates
• -Developed the Socratic method (a question &
answer technique to find the truth)
• - Accused of corrupting young people by
encouraging them to doubt their elders and
the gods
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Aristotle
• student of Plato
• Created a system of logic
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Plato
• student of Socrates
• wrote "The Republic" describing an ideal
gov.
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Empire under Alexander the Great
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• Please read, highlight and complete the
packet “Alexander the Great”
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• Please read, highlight and complete the
packet “The Roman Republic”
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Ancient Rome and the Roman
Republic
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What present day continent and
country was Ancient Rome located
on?
https://www.google.com/maps
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Geography
• Rome began as a small citystate on the Tiber River in Italy
• Why did all ancient
civilizations settle near
rivers?
• Italy is a peninsula that juts out
into the Mediterranean Sea
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• The two main
mountain ranges are
the Alps (in the
north) and the
Apennine Mts. (run
through the center)
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Politics
• In 509 B.C. Rome established a Republic (A form of
government in which citizens choose their leaders)
• Citizenship was not granted to slaves or foreigners
and women had no right to vote
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Politics (cont’d)
• Twelve Tables: Written set of laws that stated the
rules of behavior for members of Roman society.
These laws created stability and order since they
were displayed in public for all to see
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• The Romans developed important legal ideas
such “innocent until proven guilty” and the
use of evidence in court
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Creating an Empire:
• The Romans had a very strong army and by
264 BC had conquered the entire Italian
peninsula and moved on to conquer North
Africa, Spain, and Greece. (See map on pg.
648)
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Julius Caesar
 Julius Caesar ended the Roman Republic and turned
the government into an empire ruled by emperors
 Under Caesar, Rome conquered new lands in Europe
and around the Mediterranean.
 A group of senators were worried about Caesar’s
growing power and killed him in 44 B.C.
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• The Roman Empire lasted almost 500 years.
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Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
 200 years of peace and prosperity
 The Romans promoted unity by offering citizenship to all
peoples
 They also united their empire by building a large network of
roads
 Silk Roads= Cultural Diffusion= Spread of goods and ideas
 Christianity spreads
 Blended Greek culture into a Greco-Roman civilization
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Ancient Rome:
Architectural Accomplishments Used Today
Concrete
• Lime and volcanic sand
• Extremely strong and durable
Roman Pantheon
Roads
• Used primarily for trade and travel
• Extremely well made and long lasting (don’t
get stuck in the mud!)
• Crowned-(higher in center for water run-off)
Then
Now
Arches
• First to use the arch in a variety of structures
• Able to support and strengthen large, heavy
buildings
Arch of
Titus
Then
Now
Domes
• Allowed for construction of vaulted ceilings
and large covered public spaces
Then
Now
Amphitheaters
• Open air venue with ascending seating used
for entertainment
• Used for entertainment: gladiator combats,
chariot races, animal slayings, or executions
Then
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Aqueducts
• Used to conduct a water stream across
hollows or valleys
• Supplied drinking water, baths, fountains
• Used water was emptied into sewers to
remove waste material
Then
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Your Task:
• Pretend you are traveling in Ancient Rome.
Create a post card to send home to a friend
describing what you have seen and done.
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Side 1: Pictures!
Side 2: Write a minimum of 10 sentences
describing what you have seen and done in
Ancient Rome
 Be sure to reference at least THREE Roman
achievements we discussed today in DETAIL
The fall of Rome
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The decline of the Roman Empire:
 Civil wars were frequent which caused:
o outside invaders to attack the empire frequently
(because they knew it was weakened)
o trade to decline
o the economy to get worse
 In an attempt to govern the vast empire more effectively, the
Roman Empire was split into two by Emperor Diocletian.
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Western Empire
Capital: Rome
Collapsed in the A.D.
400’s
Eastern Empire
(Byzantine Empire)
Capital: Constantinople
 key location for trade because
it was at a crossroads of
Europe and Asia
 cultural diffusion!
*The Byzantines preserved
(saved) Greek and Roman culture
Survived for another 1,000 years
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• Please read, highlight and complete the
packet “The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine
Empire.”
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