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EducationalGoals
Astrophysicscombinestheknowledgeoflight(electromagneticradiation),chemicalreactions,atoms,energy,and
physicalmotionallintoone.Thethingswe’regoingtostudyinthisunitborderonsci‐fiweird,butIassureyouit’s
allthesamestuffrealscientistsarestudying.
Herearethescientificconcepts:
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Objectsintheskymoveinregularandpredictablepatterns.Thepatternsofstarsstaythesame,although
theyappeartomoveacrosstheskynightly,anddifferentstarscanbeseenindifferentseasons.
ThepositionoftheMoonchangesduringthecourseofthedayandfromseasontoseason.
ThephasesoftheMoonandthelunarcycle.
ThetiltoftheEarthanditslocationinorbitarethereasonsfortheseasons.
TheEarthisoneofseveralplanetsthatorbittheSun,andtheMoonorbitstheEarth.
ThesolarsystemconsistsofplanetsandotherbodiesthatorbittheSuninpredictablepaths.
Bytheendofthelabsinthisunit,studentswillbeableto:
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Designandbuildatelescopeusinglenses.
Knowhowtodemonstratehowthepositionofobjectsintheskychangesovertime.
Knowthecelestialobjectsinthesolarsystemandhowtheyrelateandinteractwitheachother.
Differentiateobservationfrominference(interpretation)andknowscientists’explanationscomepartly
fromwhattheyobserveandpartlyfromhowtheyinterprettheirobservations.
Measureandestimatethelengthandvolumeofobjects.
Formulateandjustifypredictionsbasedoncause‐and‐effectrelationships.
Conductmultipletrialstotestapredictionanddrawconclusionsabouttherelationshipsbetween
predictionsandresults.
Constructandinterpretgraphsfrommeasurements.
Followasetofwritteninstructionsforascientificinvestigation.
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AstronomyGrade3Evaluation
TeacherSection
OverviewKidswilldemonstratehowwelltheyunderstandimportantkeyconceptsfromthissection.
SuggestedTime45‐60minutes
ObjectivesStudentswillbetestedonthekeyconceptsofastronomy:
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Objectsintheskymoveinregularandpredictablepatterns.Thepatternsofstarsstaythesame,although
theyappeartomoveacrosstheskynightly,anddifferentstarscanbeseenindifferentseasons.
ThetiltoftheEarthanditslocationinorbitarethereasonsfortheseasons.
TheEarthisoneofseveralplanetsthatorbittheSun,andtheMoonorbitstheEarth.
ThesolarsystemconsistsofplanetsandotherbodiesthatorbittheSuninpredictablepaths.
Oursolarsystemincludesrockyterrestrialplanets(Mercury,Venus,Earth,andMars),gasgiants(Jupiter
andSaturn),icegiants(UranusandNeptune),andassortedchunksoficeanddustthatmakeupvarious
cometsandasteroids.
TelescopesmagnifytheappearanceoftheMoonandtheplanets.
TelescopesmagnifytheappearanceoftheSunusingspeciallensesandmakeitpossibletolocatesunspots
andsolarflares.
Starsarethesourceoflightforallbrightobjectsinouterspace.TheMoonandplanetsshinebyreflected
Sunlight,notbytheirownlight.
Thenumberofstarsthatcanbeseenthroughtelescopesisdramaticallygreaterthancanbeseenbythe
unaidedeye.
Materials
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Twohandheldmagnifiers
Sheetofpaper
BallwithatoothpickstickingoutofthetopandbottomtorepresenttheEarth’snorthandsouthpoles(or
useaglobeifyouhaveone)
Strongflashlight
LabPreparation
1. Printoutcopiesofthestudentworksheets,labpractical,andquiz.
2. Havematerialsinfrontofyouatadesksokidscandemonstratetheirknowledgeusingthesematerials.
Lesson:Thestudentsaretakingtwoteststoday:thequizandthelabpractical.Thequiztakesabout20minutes,
andyou’llfindtheanswerkeytomakeiteasytograde.
LabPractical:Studentswilldemonstrateindividuallythattheyknowhowthemoon’sappearancechangesduring
thelunarcycleandexplainthesizeofplanetsandtheirdistancefromtheSun.Whileotherkidsarewaitingfor
theirturn,theywillgetstartedontheirhomeworkassignment.Yougettodecidewhethertheydotheirassignment
individuallyorasagroup.
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AstronomyGrade3Evaluation
StudentWorksheet
Overview:Today,you’regoingtotaketwodifferenttests:thequizandthelabpractical.You’regoingtotakethe
writtenquizfirst,andthelabpracticalattheendofthislab.Thelabpracticalisn’tapapertest–it’swhereyouget
toshowyourteacherthatyouknowhowtodosomething.
LabTest&Homework
1. Yourteacherwillaskyoutosharehowmuchyouunderstandaboutastronomy.Sincescienceissomuch
morethanjustreadingabookorcirclingtherightanswer,thisisanimportantpartofthetesttofindout
whatyoureallyunderstand.
2. Whileyouarewaitingtoshowhowmuchofthisstuffyoualreadyknow,yougettochoosewhich
homeworkassignmentyouwanttocomplete.Theassignmentisduetomorrow,andhalfthecreditisfor
creativityandtheotherhalfisforcontent,soreallyletyourimaginationflyasyouworkthroughit.Choose
one:
a. Writeashortstoryorskitaboutgravityfromtheperspectiveoftheplanetorobject(likeasunor
moon).You’llreadthisaloudtoyourclass.
b. Makeaposterthatteachesoneofthemainconceptsofastronomyyouenjoyedmost.Whenyou’re
finished,you’lluseittoteachtoaclassofyoungerstudentsanddemonstratetheprinciplesthat
you’velearned.
c. Writeandperformapoemorsongaboutastronomy,telescopes,gravity,moonsoratmospheres.This
willbeperformedforyourclass.
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AstronomyGrade3Quiz
Teacher’sAnswerKey
1. Whyisn’tPlutoaplanet?Plutowasreclassifiedasadwarfplanet.BeyondNeptune,theKuiperBeltholdsthe
chunksoficeanddust,likecometsandasteroidsaswellaslargerobjectslikedwarfplanetsErisandPluto.
2. HowmanyEarthscanfitinsidetheSun?1.3million
3. Whatarecometsmadeoutof?Cometsarereallydirtysnowballs–madefromdustandice.
4. WhatistheEarth’satmospheremadeupof?21%oxygenand78%nitrogen
5. HowmanyEarthsfitinsideJupiter?1,321
6. HowfaristheEarthfromthesun?93millionmiles,alsoknownas1AU
7. Whatisanatmosphere?Anenvelopesurroundinganobjectlikeaplanetoramoonthatisheldinplacebythe
object’sgravitationalfield
8. Whatisamagneticfield?Aforcefieldaroundamagnet.
9. Aresunsetsthesamecoloronallplanets?No,itdependsonwhattheiratmosphereismadeupofandalso
whatcolorlightthecentralstarisemitting.
10. Whatmakesacompassneedlemovearound?Themagneticlinesofforcethatareinvisibletoyoureye.
11. WhydowehaveseasonsonEarth?Doallplanetshaveseasons?Seasonsarebecausetheaxisistilted23.4o,
exposingonehemispheretomoresunlighteachdayandwarmingtheplanet.Planetswithoutanaxistiltwill
nothaveseasons.
12. Namethreeplanetsthathavevolcanoes(activeorextinct)?Mercury,Mars,Venus,Earth,Io(moonof
Jupiter),Triton(moonofNeptune),Enceladus(moonofSaturn),andourveryownMoon.
13. Canyoudetectallkindsoflightwithyoureyes?No,onlyvisiblelight,likearainbow.
14. Whyisthetelescopeimageupside‐down?Becauseyou’vefocusedtheimagebeyondthefocalpoint.
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AstronomyGrade3Quiz
StudentQuizSheet
Name__________________________________________________________
1. Whyisn’tPlutoaplanetanymore?
2. HowmanyEarthscanfitinsidetheSun?
3. Whatarecometsmadeoutof?
4. WhatistheEarth’satmospheremadeupof?
5. HowmanyEarthsfitinsideJupiter?
6. HowfaristheEarthfromthesun?
7. Whatisanatmosphere?
8. Whatisamagneticfield?
9. Aresunsetsthesamecoloronallplanets?
10. Whatmakesacompassneedlemovearound?
11. WhydowehaveseasonsonEarth?Doallplanetshaveseasons?
12. Namethreeplanetsthathavevolcanoes(activeorextinct)?
13. Canyoudetectallkindsoflightwithyoureyes?
14. Whyisthetelescopeimageupside‐down?
©2014SuperchargedScience
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AstronomyGrade3LabPractical
Teacher’sAnswerKey
Thisisyourchancetoseehowwellyourstudentshavepickeduponimportantkeyconcepts,andifthere
areanyholes.Yourstudentsalsowillbeworkingontheirhomeworkassignmentasyoudothistest
individuallywiththestudents.
Materials:
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Twohandheldmagnifiers
Sheetofpaper
BallwithatoothpickstickingoutofthetopandbottomtorepresenttheEarth’snorthandsouthpoles(or
useaglobeifyouhaveone)
Strongflashlight
LabPractical:AskthestudentNote:Answersgiveninitalics!
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Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowarefractortelescopeworks.Taketwomagnifiersand
holdthemafixeddistanceapartandlookthroughboth.Studentmaydrawsomethingonthepaperand
holditupatadistanceawayfromyouasyoupeerthroughthelensestomagnifyasademonstration,or
simplylookatanobjectinthedistance.(DonotlookattheSun!)
DemonstratewhytheEarthhasseasons.ThetiltoftheEarthanditslocationinorbitarethereasons
fortheseasons.WhentheEarth’sNorthPoleistiltedtowardthesun,thenorthernhemispheregetsmore
sunlightexposure,whichmeanslongerdays,andwarmerclimates.Thestudentcanuseaflashlightto
modelthesunandstickatoothpickforthenorthpoleintotheball,pointingthetoothpicktowardthe
sunasitrotatesarounditsaxis(fordailyrotation).
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AstronomyGrade3LabPractical
StudentWorksheet
Thisisyourchancetoshowhowmuchyouhavepickeduponimportantkeyconcepts,andifthereareany
holes.Youalsowillbeworkingonahomeworkassignmentasyoudothistestindividuallywithateacher.
Materials:
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Twohandheldmagnifiers
Sheetofpaper
BallwithatoothpickstickingoutofthetopandbottomtorepresenttheEarth’snorthandsouthpoles(or
useaglobeifyouhaveone)
Strongflashlight
LabPractical:
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Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowarefractortelescopeworks.
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DemonstratewhytheEarthhasseasons.
©2014SuperchargedScience
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