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Midterm Study Guide 1. The Five Themes of Geography a. Examples of each 2. Cultural Diffusion 3. Longitude 4. Latitude 5. Altitude 6. Physical Map 7. Political Map 8. Northern / Southern Hemisphere 9. Eastern / Western Hemisphere 10. Equator 11. Prime Meridian 12. International Date Line 13. Absolute Location 14. Relative location 15. The Seven Elements of Culture a. Examples of each 16. Social Mobility 17. Monotheism 18. Polytheism 19. Patriarchal Society 20. Matriarchal Society 21. Theocracy 22. Democracy 23. Republic 24. Dictatorship 25. Traditional Economy 26. Market Economy 27. Command Economy 28. Mixed Economy 29. Characteristics of a developed (Industrialized) country 30. Characteristics of a developing country 31. Imperialism 32. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution 33. Industrial Revolution 34. Nomadic Lifestyle 35. Sedentary Lifestyle 36. Ethnocentrism 37. Racism 38. Discrimination 39. Prejudice Africa 40. The Age of Exploration 41. Bartolomeu Dias 42. Vasco De Gama 43. Ferdinand Magellan 44. Christopher Columbus 45. History of Slavery in Africa 46. African Views of Land Ownership 47. Urbanization / De-urbanization 48. Consumer Culture 49. Slave Trade 50. Middle Passage 51. Triangular Slave Trade 52. Raw Materials 53. Manufactured Goods 54. Impact of Slave Trade on Africa 55. Slave Trade Act of 1807 56. Imperialism 57. Dr. Livingstone 58. H.M. Stanley 59. Relative Power 60. Moral Justification 61. “White Man’s Burden” 62. Rudyard Kipling 63. “The Light of Civilization” 64. Berlin Conference 65. Real Occupation 66. Scramble for Africa 67. Nationalism 68. Pan-Africanism 69. Marcus Garvey 70. W.E.B. DuBois 71. Apartheid 72. Nelson Mandela 73. First African Country to Gain Independence 74. Political Instability 75. Coup d’etat 76. Border Disputes in Africa 77. AIDS in Africa 78. African Union (Objectives) 79. How did the Age of Exploration and Consumer Culture lead to the Slave Trade? 80. Know the effects of the following on the independence movement in Africa: a. World War I b. World War II c. Cold War 81. Why is Africa dependent on foreign aid? How does this affect the continent? 82. What problems does Africa face today? 83. What are some “reasons for hope” for Africa? Middle East Culture Overview 84. Hijab 85. Headscarf 86. Burqa 87. Abstain 88. Ramadan 89. Fasting (to fast) 90. Tarof 91. Arabic 92. Farsi 93. Arabesque 94. Idolatry 95. Minarets Judaism & Christianity 96. Caveat 97. Abraham 98. Patriarch 99. Abrahamic Religions 100. Isaac 101. Ishmael 102. Covenant 103. Sacrifice Story 104. Synagogue 105. Torah 106. Moses 107. Ten Commandments 108. Wailing Wall 109. Judea 110. Messiah 111. Jesus of Nazareth 112. New Covenant 113. Judeo-Christian 114. Jerusalem Life of Mohammad 115. Mohammad 116. Mecca 117. Ka’ba 118. Zamzam Well 119. “Black Stone” 120. Revelation 121. Mount Hira 122. Angel Gabriel 123. Isra and Mi’raj 124. Hijra 125. Medina 126. Conquest of Mecca 127. Destruction of the Idols 128. Pilgrimage Islam 129. Five Pillars of Islam 130. Shahada 131. Salat 132. Hajj 133. Ramadan 134. Pilgrimage 135. Mosque 136. Koran 137. Divine Justice 138. Verbatim Middle East History 139. Caliph 140. Caliphate 141. Sharia Law 142. Crusades 143. Ottoman Empire 144. Fall of Constantinople 145. Istanbul 146. WWI & the Ottomans 147. Sykes-Picot Agreement 148. Arab Nationalism 149. Jihadism 150. Jihad 151. Al-Qaeda Sunni – Shia 152. Meritocracy 153. Nepotism 154. Sunni 155. Shia (Shi’ite) Israel-Palestine 156. Zionism 157. Balfour Declaration 158. Holocaust 159. 1947 Partition 160. Six Day War 161. Diaspora 162. Jewish Diaspora 163. Palestine 164. Israel Current Events 165. Syrian Civil War 166. President Al-Assad 167. Popular Rule 168. Secular 169. Iranian Islamic Revolution 170. Ayatollah Khomeini 171. Mahmoud Amedenijad 172. Hassan Rouhani 173. Iranian Hostage Crisis 174. Islamic Fundamentalism 175. ISIS 176. Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi Questions 1. What features are most prevalent in Islamic Art and Architecture? 2. Of the three Abrahamic Religions, which is the oldest? Youngest? In the middle? 3. Which natural resource is most important to the Middle East? Explain. 4. What is the “Covenant with God” and how does it shape the Jewish faith? 5. Describe Abraham’s family tree and how it relates to the three Abrahamic Religions. 6. Describe the relationship between the origins of Judaism and Christianity. 7. What are the six most important events in the life of Mohammad? How do these events shape the beliefs of Islam? 8. Why is Mecca the holiest city in Islam? Explain, with details from history. 9. Why do most Muslims believe that no images of Mohammad should be drawn or depicted? 10. How do the Five Pillars of Islam of Islam shape the everyday lives of Muslims? 11. What do Muslims think of Jesus of Nazareth? 12. Was Mohammad a god? Explain. 13. In history, were the early Arab Empires run by secular governments or theocracies? Explain. 14. How did each of the following historical events lead to the tensions between Islam and the West? a. The Crusades b. The Fall of Constantinople c. World War I d. Sykes-Picot Agreement e. Arab Nationalism f. Jihadism g. Partition of 1947 15. Why are the Israeli and Palestinian people fighting? What are they fighting over? 16. Why do Israelis believe they have claim to the land on the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea? 17. Why do the Palestinians believe they have claim to the land on the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea? 18. Who currently controls the land on the Easter shore of the Mediterranean Sea? 19. What is currently occurring in Syria? 20. Why is the global community concerned with the current leadership in Iran? 21. Briefly describe the controversy over the Burqa, and how it relates to women’s rights in the Middle East. Judaism Date of Origin Place of Worship Holy Book Founder Most Important Prophet Rules to live by Sacred Site(s) Foundation of Faith Christianity Islam