Download Chapter 6: Basic Biomechanics

Chapter 6: Basic Biomechanics
Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, 3rd ed.
Name
For each question, choose the BEST answer.
1.
What term correlates with the definition “deals with forces causing
movement in a system?”
A.
Kinematics
B.
Arthrokinematics
C.
Kinetics
D.
Osteokinematics
2.
What word describes the manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move in
relation to each other?
A.
Dynamics
B.
Static
C.
Osteokinematic
D.
Arthrokinematic
3.
What
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
Which law deals with the concept that the amount of acceleration
depends on the strength of the force applied to an object?
A.
Law of Lippert
B.
Law of Action-Reaction
C.
Law of Acceleration
D.
Law of Inertia
5.
If a diver runs and jumps off the end of a diving board, which of Newton’s
laws explaining this action?
A.
Law of Force
B.
Law of Action-Reaction
C.
Law of Inertia
D.
Law of Acceleration
is the tendency of force to produce rotation about an axis?
Kinetics
Torque
Friction
Velocity
6.
When two PTAs assist a patient from a sitting to standing position by
lifting the patient from under the arms, what type of forces are acting on
the patient?
A.
Linear
A
B.
Parallel
C.
Rotational
D.
Concurrent
E.
Stability
7.
If a patient is retropulsive, i.e., tends to lean backwards, what type of
forces does the PTA exert if they are assisting a patient from an anterior
position to the patient?
A.
Linear
B.
Parallel
C.
Rotational
D.
Concurrent
E.
Stability
8.
You are treating a patient who has a great deal of difficulty standing
because her knees and hips tend to flex. One PTA is standing and
pushing posteriorly above the knees, and the second PTA is standing and
pushing anteriorly at the buttocks. What type of forces are acting on the
patient?
A.
Linear
B.
Rotational
C.
Concurrent
D.
Stability
9.
At what angle does a muscle operate most or results in the greatest
force?
A.
45°
B.
60°
C.
75°
D.
90°
10.
The center of gravity is located anterior to which vertebra in normal
adults?
A.
L4
B.
L5
C.
S1
D.
S2
11.
Where is the center of gravity located in children compared with in adults?
A.
Higher
B.
Lower
C.
Same level
D.
None of the above
12.
What type of equilibrium is described when only a slight force is needed to
disturb an object?
A.
Neutral
B.
Stable
C.
Unstable
D.
None of the above
13.
Which of the following positions is considered most stable?
A.
Center of gravity and line of gravity within the base of support
B.
Center of gravity outside the base of support
C.
Line of gravity outside the base of support
D.
Center of gravity inside the base of support
E.
Line of gravity inside the base of support
14.
If a patient increases the distance between his or her feet when standing,
what results?
A.
Less mobility
B.
More mobility
C.
Less stability
D.
More stability
15.
Which student would have the greatest stability is all of the following
students were the same height? One who weighs _____.
A.
90 pounds
B.
100 pounds
C.
150 pounds
D.
200 pounds
16.
What type of lever class describes the action of the biceps performing
elbow flexion?
A.
First
B.
Second
C.
Third
D.
Fourth
17.
Which lever class is designed for balance?
A.
First
B.
Second
C.
Third
D.
Fourth
18.
What
A.
B.
C.
D.
19.
If a weight is placed close to the knee rather than near the ankle for
knee extensions in sitting, what will the patient experience?
A.
Less resistance
B.
More resistance
C.
No difference in resistance
D.
All of the above
20.
Which simple machine is designed to change the direction of a force or
the magnitude of the force?
A.
Inclined plane
B.
Wheel and axle
C.
Pulley
D.
All of the above
21.
What type of simple machine is used when a patient has a lever-type door
knob rather than a twisting knob?
A.
Inclined plane
B.
Wheel and axle
C.
Pulley
D.
All of the above
22.
The smaller the moment arm, the greater the angular force.
A.
True
B.
False
The amount of torque a lever has depends on the amount of force
exerted and the distance from the axis.
A.
True
B.
False
23.
is the mechanical advantage of second-class levers?
Greater than one; force arm is greater than resistance arm
Less than one; force arm is less than resistance arm
Equal to one; force arm is equal to resistance arm
All of the above
24.
Biomechanics is a branch of physics dealing with the study of forces and
the motion produced by their actions.
A.
True
B.
False