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APUSH PRIME TIME: October 10th, 2014 Write in paragraph form – at least two paragraphs. This will be collected for a writing grade. Be specific and use evidence. 1. How did the American identity develop in Colonial Society in the 18th century? a. How did sub-identities of people interact with each other and how did this form the larger conception of the American national identity? b. What were the ideas, beliefs, traditions, religions, and gender roles that migrants/immigrants brought with them? How did these factors impact both people and U.S. society? Essential Question 1. What was the cause of the French and Indian War? 2. Why is it argued to be the first World War? 3. What are the effects of the war on the American colonists? The 7 Years War (French and Indian War) Significance: Immediate effects of the War: • Gave the British unchallenged supremacy in North America. • The American colonies did not feel threatened by the Spanish, French, or the Native American allies. • The English and colonists are going to change in the way they view each other. The 7 Years War (French and Indian War) • The British View: • The British came away with a low opinion of the colonial military abilities. • British felt the colonist were unable and unwilling to defend the new American frontiers. • The Colonial View: • The colonist were proud of their record in the wars and developed confidence that they could provide their own defense. • They were not impressed with the British leadership and method of warfare. Reorganization of the British Empire • More serious than the resentful feelings was the British governments shift in colonial policies. • Pontiac’s Rebellion: (1763) Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier, upset that European settlers were moving in. • Instead of relying on colonial forces, the British sent regular British troops to stop the Native uprising. • Proclamation of 1763: To stabilize the frontier, prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mts. The 7 Years War (French and Indian War) Significance: Immediate effects of the War: • Gave the British unchallenged supremacy in North America. • The American colonies did not feel threatened by the Spanish, French, or the Native American allies. • The English and colonists are going to change in the way they view each other. The 7 Years War (French and Indian War) • The British View: • The British came away with a low opinion of the colonial military abilities. • British felt the colonist were unable and unwilling to defend the new American frontiers. • The Colonial View: • The colonist were proud of their record in the wars and developed confidence that they could provide their own defense. • They were not impressed with the British leadership and method of warfare. Reorganization of the British Empire • More serious than the resentful feelings was the British governments shift in colonial policies. • Pontiac’s Rebellion: (1763) Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier, upset that European settlers were moving in. • Instead of relying on colonial forces, the British sent regular British troops to stop the Native uprising. • Proclamation of 1763: To stabilize the frontier, prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mts. • infuriated the colonists, most went westward anyways Essential Questions Time Period: 3.1-3.3 1.What were the most significant causes of the American Revolution? 2.Were the colonies justified in revolting against England? STANDARDS: (AP FRAMEWORK – US HISTORY 2015) •Themes: WOR-1, WX1-2, ENV-1, ID-4, POL-1, CUL-1, PEO-5 DBQ Thesis “Formula” • X. However, A, B, and C. Therefore, Y. • “X‟ represents the strongest point against your argument OR explanation of the complexity of topic. • “A, B, and C‟ represent the three strongest points for your argument. • “Y‟ represents the position you will be taking – in other words, your stand on the prompt. Prime Time: APUSH October 21st, 2014 “The people, even to the lowest ranks, have become more attentive to their liberties, more inquisitive about them, and more determined to defend them than they were ever before known or ad occasion to be” – John Adams 1765 1. Describe the Townshend Acts. 2. Identify two other acts that the Parliament enacted on the colonies. AP Vocabulary Terms • Repeal: (v) to officially make (a law) no longer valid • Declaratory: (adj.) declaring a legal right or interpretation • Coercive: using force or threats to make someone do something : using coercion • Dissident: (n): disagreeing especially with an established religious or political system, organization, or belief Declaratory Act • Declaratory Act: accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the sugar act. • Stated that the Parliament's authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies, such as the Stamp Act. • Stamp Act Congress: (1765) gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation. The Boston Massacre • Most Bostonians resented the British troops who had been quartered in their city to protect customs officials from being attacked by the Sons of Liberty. • March 1770: A crowd of colonists harassed the guards near the customs house. • The guards fired into the crowd killing five people, including African American Crispus Attucks. • Samuel Adams, angrily denounced the shooting incident as a “massacre” and used it to inflame anti-British feelings. Renewal of the Conflict: 1770-1772 • Samuel Adams and a few other Americans kept alive the view that British officials were undermining colonial liberties. • A device used to spread this ideas was the Committees of Correspondence. • Adams began the practice of organizing committees that would regularly exchange letters about suspicious potentially threating British activities. • The Virginia House of Burgesses took the concept a step further when it organized anticolonial committees in 1773. The Gaspee One incident frequently discussed in the committee’s letters was that of the Gaspee, a British customs ship that had caught several smugglers. •A group of colonists disguised as Native Americans ordered the British crew ashore and then set fire to the ship. •The British ordered a commission to investigate and bring guilty individuals to Britain for trial. Boston Tea Party • The colonists continued their refusal to buy British tea because the British insisted on their right to collect the tax. • Hoping to help the British East India Company out of its financial problems, Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773 • made the price of the company's tea – even with the tax included – cheaper than that of smuggled Dutch tea. • Many Americans refused to buy the cheaper tea because to do so would, in effect, recognize Parliaments right to tax the colonies. Boston Tea Party • December 1773: a group of Bostonians disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded the British ships, and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor. • Many applauded the Boston Tea Party as a justifiable defense for liberty, but others thought the destruction of property was far too radical. Prime Time: APUSH October 22nd, 2014 “Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety..” – Benjamin Franklin 1. Use the following words in sentences: •repeal •dissident. 2. Describe the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Prime Time: APUSH October 23rd, 2014 “Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one.”– Thomas Paine 1.What did the British enact upon the colonist after the Boston Tea Party incident? Identify all parts of the Intolerable Acts. 2. Describe what you believe were the three most significant events in order that will lead to the American Revolution. Essential Questions Time Period: 3.1-3.3 1.What were the most significant causes of the American Revolution? 2.Were the colonies justified in revolting against England? STANDARDS: (AP FRAMEWORK – US HISTORY 2015) •Themes: WOR-1, WX1-2, ENV-1, ID-4, POL-1, CUL-1, PEO-5 Thomas Paine: The Father of the Revolution • Author of the two most influential pamphlets (Common Sense, and The American Crisis). • Wrote these articles at the start of the American Revolution • He inspired the rebels in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. • Referred to as the Father of the American Revolution because of Common Sense, the proindependence pamphlet he published in 1776. Common Sense Excerpts :Think, Pair, and Share I. II. Independently read excerpts from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. With the person next to you (or behind you if you are in the last row) answer the following discussion questions. 1. Summarize the primary source in one paragraph. 2. What are the best arguments that Paine indicated for the colonies to declare Independence from Great Britain? 3. What is America’s role in the World according to Paine? 4. What evidence suggests that Paine was inspired by Enlightenment thinkers? Primary Source Analysis: Analyzing Varying Perspectives Independently read the following documents, then in groups summarize each document in a paragraph. • Group B: Documents part A (1 and 2) pages: 127-129 • Group Y: Documents part B pages: 130-133 • Group G: Documents part C (1 and 2) pages: 134- 137 • Group E: Document part C (3-4) pages: 137-139 • Group O: Document part D (1-3) pages: 141-143 “Intolerable Acts” • In GB, news of the Boston Tea Party angered the King, Lord North, and members of the Parliament. • In retaliation, the British Government enacted a series of punitive acts (the Coercive Acts), together with a separate act dealing with French Canada (The Quebec Act). • The colonists were outraged by these various laws, gave the name “Intolerable Acts.” Coercive Acts “Intolerable Acts” (1774) • There were four Coercive Acts directed mainly at punishing the people of Boston and MA, and bringing the dissidents under control. 1. The Port Act: Closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for. 2. The Massachusetts Government Act: Reduced the power of the MA legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. 3. The Administration of Justice Act: allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in GB instead of the colonies. 4. The fourth law expanded the Quartering Act to enable British troops to be quartered in private homes and applied to all colonies. Quebec Act (1774) • When the Coercive Acts were passed, the British government also passed a law organizing the Canadian lands gained from France. • Plan accepted by most French Canadians, but resented by many in the 13 colonies. • The Quebec Act • Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec. • Set up a government without a representative assembly • Extended Quebec’s boundary to the Ohio River Colonists Reactions • The colonists viewed the Quebec Act as a direct attack on the American colonies • It took away lands they claimed along the Ohio River. • They also feared that the British would attempt to enact similar laws in America to take away their representative government. • The predominantly Protestant Americans also resented the recognition given to Catholicism. Timeline Activity Historical Thinking Skill: Contextualization and Causation Task: I. Using class notes and textbooks notes, make a timeline of events that we have discussed so far that could be seen as a cause for the declaration of War against the British (include the correct years) II. ____________________________________________ Prime Time: APUSH October 27th, 2014 1. Describe Thomas Paine’s argument/justification for the colonies to declare independence from Great Britain. *Review: 2. What was one economic reason for the colonist to declare independence from the British? DBQ Analysis • For every document write out on a separate piece of paper the: • Historical Context • Intended Audience • Point of View • Purpose • Organization/ How you will use the document in your argument. Connect to the bigger picture, use prior knowledge, and ANALYZE NOT just SUMMARIZE. Prime Time: APUSH October 28th, 2014 1. What justifications did Thomas Jefferson give for the colonists to declare independence from GB? 2. What does the new DBQ essay for APUSH require you to do to obtain a score of a 7? Essential Questions Time Period: 3.1-3.3 1.What were the most significant causes of the American Revolution? 2.Were the colonies justified in revolting against England? STANDARDS: (AP FRAMEWORK – US HISTORY 2015) •Themes: WOR-1, WX1-2, ENV-1, ID-4, POL-1, CUL-1, PEO-5 The First Continental Congress • The Intolerable Acts drove all the colonies except Georgia to send delegates to a convention in Philadelphia in 1774. • The First Continental Congress: Purpose was to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britain's alarming threats to their liberties. • Wanted to protest parliamentary infringements of their rights and restore the relationship that had existed before the 7 years war. Actions of the Congress 1. Immediate repeal of the Intolerable Acts and for colonies to resist them by making military preparations and boycotting British goods. 2. Passed the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. Urged the king to restore colonial rights. 3. Created the Continental Association – a network of committees to enforce the economic sanctions 4. Declared that if colonial rights were not recognized, delegates would meet again in May 1775. Fighting Begins: April - June 1775 • Angrily dismissing the petition for the First Continental Congress, the king’s government declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion and sent additional troops to put it down. • Lead to the first battles of the Revolution • Lexington and Concord • Bunker Hill • Military Actions: Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms • George Washington (war hero of 7 Years War) was appointed Commander in Chief of a new colonial army, and to recruit an army from other colonies. The Second Continental Congress • Soon after the fighting broke out, delegates to the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775. • Congress was divided • Peace Efforts: • Congress adopted a policy of waging war while at the same time seeking a peaceful settlement. • Many in the colonies did not want independence, for they valued their heritage and Britain's protection but wanted a change in the relationship with GB. • The delegates voted to send an “Olive Branch Petition” to King George III • Pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights King George’s Response to the Olive Branch Petition • Angrily dismissed the Congress’ plea and agreed to instead to Parliament’s Prohibitory Act (August 1775) • Declared the colonies in rebellion. • Forbade all trade and shipping between Britain and the colonies. JUSTIFCATION FOR WAR: • Thomas Paine's pamphlet spread in 1776 –– argued independence it was contrary to common sense for a large continent to be ruled by a distant island. • The Declaration of Independence: • Five delegates, including Thomas Jefferson (from VA) –Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence: ADOPTED JULY 4TH, 1776 The Declaration of Independence Task: (Writing Assignment: Paragraph form) Bonus Assignment: Compare and contrast the Declaration of Independence to another country’s Declaration of Independence from an European country during the late 1700s to early 1800s. Should be in paragraph form.paragraphs. Prime Time: APUSH October 29th, 2014 1. Describe the goals of the First Continental Congress. 2. Add to the timeline the Continental Congress, The Olive Branch Petition, Common Sense, and the Declaration of Independence Project Wisdom: Making a Difference • Discussion Questions for APUSH: (Participation Grade) 1. Why do we as human beings tend to band together and organize ourselves into structured units such as the family, and then we band those units together into larger ones such as the community, or tribe? What are the benefits and disadvantages to this – and how can individuals maximize the benefits and minimize the disadvantages? 2. How can we as a culture do more to draw out each individual’s full potential to make a difference? 3. What can YOU do around your own school and community to MAKE A DIFFERENCE? – (What are you passionate about that can inspire, help, or make a difference in someone’s life?) Essential Questions Time Period: 3.1-3.3 1.What were the most significant causes of the American Revolution? 2.Were the colonies justified in revolting against England? STANDARDS: (AP FRAMEWORK – US HISTORY 2015) •Themes: WOR-1, WX1-2, ENV-1, ID-4, POL-1, CUL-1, PEO-5 Thomas Paine: The American Crisis “THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated” ― Thomas Paine, The Crisis Loyalists and Patriots Debate Individually read the source assigned. Then, in groups analyze the source and create a visual to present to the class. B: 141, R: 142, G: 143, Y: 144, O: 145 (both sources) Answer the guiding questions: 1. Summarize and analyze the source by using H.I.P.P 2. Is the source from a patriot or loyalist perspective? 3. Describe the significance of the source and how it depicts the clash between loyalists and patriots before the start of the war. Prime Time: APUSH November 3rd, 2014 1. What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of the American colonist as they face off with the British? You may draw a comparison chart of the colonists vs. the British. Identify at least three strengths and weakenesses. 2. What does the abbreviation HIPPO represent and how is it used in the DBQ? Patriots and Loyalists • 2.6 million people lived in the colonies at the time of the Revolutionary War • Around 20%-30% were Loyalists • Patriots: The largest number of Patriots were from the New England states and Virginia. • African Americans: Washington made an offer that if enslaved people would join their sides they would be free. Around 5,000 African Americans fought as Patriots. • Loyalist: Most were wealthy, conservative, or government officials were loyal to the crown. • Native Americans: At first stayed out of the war, then joined with the British since the British promised them limit on colonial settlement Initial American Losses • The first three years of the war 1775-1777 went badly for George Washington’s poorly trained and equipped colonial army. • Economic troubles added to the Patriots prospects – British occupation of American ports resulted in a 95% decline in trade and inflation was rampant. Alliance with France • Turning point with the victory at Saratoga in New York 1777. • Persuaded France to join the War against Britain • King Louis XVI was an absolute monarch who had no interest in aiding a revolutionary movement – but saw a chance to weaken his country’s traditional enemy, the British. • After Saratoga, the French allied itself with the Americans (A year later, Spain and Holland also entered the war against Britain). Victory • Yorktown: In 1781 , the last major battle of the Revolutionary War was fought in Yorktown, Virginia. • Treaty of Paris: Cornwallis defeat at Yorktown was a heavy blow to the Tory party in Parliament that was conducting the war. • The war had became unpopular in Britain • Large strain on the economy and the government’s finances. • Lord North and other Tory ministers resigned and were replaced with Whig leaders who wanted to end the war. Paris Peace Treaty • In Paris, 1783, a treaty of peace was singed – Provided for the following: 1)Britain would recognize the existence of the United States as an independent nation. 2)The Mississippi River would be the western boundary of the Nation 3)Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada 4)Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalists claims for property confiscated during the War. Organization of a New Government • By 1777, ten of the former colonies had written new constitutions, however, a national constitution was needed. Work: Read the Articles of Confederation (Pages Fill out the graphic organizer. Prime Time: APUSH November 4th , 2014 1. How did the Patriots win the Revolutionary War? 2. What was one negotiation of the Paris Peace Treaty? 3. Describe the Articles of Confederation. Essential Questions 1. What caused the American Revolution? 2. How was the new nation formed and what challenges did the new Americans face? • APUSH Time Period 3 (1754-1800) • American Revolutionary War: 1775-1783 • American Revolution: 1775-1789 APUSH Vocabulary • Confederation: so known as confederacy or league, is a union of political units for common action in relation to other units. • Article: a separate part of a legal document that deals with a single subject • Ratification: approval of an act, the term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federations such as the United States and Canada. • Ordinance: a piece of legislation enacted by a civic authority. Organization of New Governments • Leaders of the 13 colonies worked to change colonies into independently governed states • Each with its own constitution. • The Revolutionary Congress that originally met in Philadelphia tried to define the powers of a new central government, • By 1777, ten of the former colonies had written new constitutions. • Each state constitution was the subject debate between conservatives, who stressed the need for order, and liberals, who were most concerned about protecting individual rights and preventing future tyrannies. State Governments • List of Rights: • Each state constitution began with a “bill” or “declaration” listing the basic rights and freedoms • Separation of Powers: (To safe guard Tyranny) • Legislative powers to an elected two-house legislature • Executive powers to an elected governor • Judicial powers to a system of courts • Voting: The right to vote was extended to all white males who owned some property. • Office Holding: Those seeking elected office were usually held to a higher property qualification than voters. Prime Time: APUSH November 7th , 2014 Describe the accomplishments under the Articles. 1. 1. (Describe Northwest Ordinance) 2. Describe the significance of Shay’s rebellion. 3. Describe an event or other information that pertains to the New nation that you learned in the textbook. Due today: Chapter 9 notes and Qs Short Answer: (Write on PT) Short Answer: (1 point for each part) a) The Revolutionary War was in some respects a civil war in which the British Patriots fought pro-British Loyalists. Briefly explain who the Patriots were. b) Briefly explain who the Loyalists were. c) Briefly explain the role played in the war by one of the following: • a. African Americans • b. American Indians • c. France Homework: Due Monday: (Use textbook) •Identify the goals of the Federalists and Anti- Federalists. •You may use a chart – identify at least three-five goals for each. Essential Questions 1. What caused the American Revolution? 2. How was the new nation formed and what challenges did the new Americans face? • APUSH Time Period 3 (1754-1800) • American Revolutionary War: 1775-1783 • American Revolution: 1775-1789 Articles of Confederation • At Philadelphia (1776) as Jefferson was writing the Declaration of Independence, John Dickinson drafted the first constitution for the United States • Ratification of the Articles was delayed by a dispute over the vast Native American lands west of the Alleghenies • Structure of the Government: The Articles established a central government that consisted of just one body, a congress. • Each state was given one vote, with at least 9 votes out of 13 required to pass important laws. Articles of Confederation • Powers: • Gave congress the power to wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic representatives, and borrow money. • Congress did not have the power to collect taxes or regulate commerce (had to rely on upon states to vote in taxes). • Accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation: 1. Won the War – (Paris Peace Treaty) 2. Land Ordinance of 1785: Congress established a policy for surveying and selling western lands. One section of land in each township was for public education 3. Northwest Ordinance of 1787: Set rules for creating new states – granted limited state government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region. Problems with the Articles: The 13 states intended the central government to be weak – and it was. The government faced three kinds of problems. 1. Financial: Most war debts were unpaid. States and congress issued worthless paper. – Underlying problem was that the congress had no taxing power. 2. Foreign: European nations had little respect for a new nation that could not pay its debts nor take effective and united action in Congress 1. Britain and Spain threatened to take advantage of US weakness by expanding their interest soon after the War ended. Problems with the Articles 3. Domestic: •Shay’s Rebellion: (1786) Captain Daniel Shays, a Massachusetts farmer and Revolutionary War veteran •Led other famers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money. •Rebel farmers stopped the collection of taxes and forced the closing of debtors. •January 1787 – Shay and his followers attempted to seize weapons from an armory The state militia of MA broke Shay’s rebellion Significance of Shay’s Rebellion • Some historians argue that the Shay’s rebellion "fundamentally altered the course of United States' history.“ • It forced the Federal government to reconsider the extent of its own powers at the U.S. Constitutional Convention . • It helped draw General George Washington out of retirement and to his Presidency, among influencing other changes to America's new democracy. Compare and Contrast the Articles of Confederation with the US Constitution Task: Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with that of the US Constitution. I. Identify at least three similarities and three differences. II. What changes were made to the new constitution? (Compared to the Articles of Confederation) Problems with the Articles Think-Pair-Share 1.With the person next to you – describe what you believe to be issues with the articles. 1.Come to an agreement and write three issues with the articles that might be disputed. Prime Time: APUSH November 10th , 2014 1. Describe the goals of a Federalists and an Anti-Federalists. 2. Put the events in order: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Coercive Acts Declaratory Act Stamp Act Quebec Act Navigational Acts Shays Rebellion Articles of Confederation Created Boston Tea Party Declaration of Independence Due today: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Prime Time: APUSH November 12th, 2014 1. Describe three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 2. Describe the political beliefs of Hamilton and Jefferson. Drafting the Constitution Drafting the Constitution at Philadelphia • Plan was to send 13 states to send delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation, only Rhode Island did not attend (did not trust the other states). The Delegates: • Most were well educated white men. • Conducted their meetings in secret. • The work was directed under James Madison (became known as the Father of the Constitution.) • Others included Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Dickenson Key Issues: Representation • Representation: • Issue whether the larger states should have more representatives in Congress than smaller states. • The proposal was called the Virginia Plan: Favored large states • Countered by the Jersey Plan: Favored small states • Issue resolved with the Connecticut Plan (The Great Compromise) • Provided for a two house congress, In Senate states would have equal representation, but in the House of Representatives, each state would have represented according to size. Key Issues: Slavery • Slavery: • Issue whether or not enslaved people would be counted in the total state populations. • Delegates agreed to a Three-Fifths Compromise (1787), counted each enslaved individual as 3/5 a person for the purpose of determining a states level of taxation and representation. • Delegates decided to guarantee slaves could be imported for another 20 years, until 1808, then could vote to abolish slavery. Key Issues: Trade • The Northern states wanted the central government to regulate interstate commerce and foreign trade. • The South was afraid a tax on exports would be placed on agricultural products such as tobacco and rice. • The Commercial Compromise allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs (taxes) on foreign imports, but prohibited placing taxes on exports. Key Issues: The Presidency • Delegates debated over the president’s term of office – some argued that the chief executive should hold office for life. • Debated the issue of electing a president • Electoral College system: Each state a number of electors equal to the total of that state’s representative size. • Delegates feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule. • Decided to allow the president to veto acts of Congress • Ratification Process: September 17th, 1787: Philadelphia convention approved the draft of the Constitution to s submit to states for ratification. (9/13 had to approve) Prime Time: APUSH November 13th, 2014 1. What key issues were addressed in the new US Constitution? 2. Describe the following: • 3/5 Compromise • Electoral College Electoral College • 538 electors, corresponding to the 435 members of the House of Representatives, 100 senators, and the three additional electors from the District of Columbia. AP Vocabulary • Regulate (Regulation): To control or direct according to rule or law • Implied Powers: a power that is reasonably necessary and • • • • appropriate to carry out. Enumerated Powers: is the list of specific powers granted to Congress in the constitution. Tariffs: a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country Checks and Balances: a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power Veto: the power vested in one branch of a government to cancel or postpone the decisions of another branch, especially the right of a president, governor, or other chief executive to reject bills passed by the legislature. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Ratification was fiercely debated for about a year (1787-1788) • Supporters of the Constitution and its strong federal government were referred to as Federalists • Opponents were Anti-Federalists • Federalists Papers: Key element in the Federalists campaign for the Constitution, highly persuasive essays written for a New York newspaper by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. • Reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution. The Ratification Process Under Washington’s Presidency • The Federalists won early victories in the state conventions in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania – the first three states to ratify. • For other states to ratify, states wanted a ‘Bill of Rights’ • Anti-Federalists argued that a Bill of Rights was needed to protect against future tyranny • The first ten amendments: “The Bill of Rights” – protection against abuses of power by the central (or federal) government. Organizing the Federal Government • Members of the first Congress under the Constitution were elected in 1788 and began their session in March 1789 in New York City (then the nation’s temporary capital). The Start of Checks and Balances: • The Congress, the president as head of the executive branch, and the Supreme Court as the top of the Judicial Branch. • President Washington organized executive departments • Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson • Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury • Henry Knox: Secretary of War • Attorney General: Edmund Randolph Federal Court System • Only Federal Court mentioned in the Constitution is the Supreme Court. • Congress had the power to create other federal courts with lesser powers and to determine the number of justices making up the Supreme Court. • One of Congress’s first laws was the Judiciary Act of 1789: established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices. Prime Time: APUSH November 14th, 2014 1. Compare and contrast the beliefs of Federalists and Anti-Federalists. 2. Describe the following: • Federalist Papers • The Bill of Rights 3. Describe one event/concept that you learned from the textbook reading. Due Today: Chapter 10 N and Qs Hamilton’s Financial Program • Hamilton (Secretary of Treasury) Financial Plan: 1. Pay off the national debt at face value and have the federal government assume the war debts of the states 2. Protect the young nations industries and collect revenue by imposing high tariffs on imported goods 3. Create a national bank for depositing government funds and printing banknotes that would provide a basis for US currency. Debt: Jefferson agreed to Hamilton's plan to pay off debt, in return the US capital would be in the South along the Potomac (Washington D.C.) National Bank: Jefferson argued constitution did not give Congress the right to create a bank – Hamilton took a broader view of the Constitution – that Congress could do whatever necessary to carry out Enumerated Powers. Foreign Affairs • The French Revolution: Americans generally supported the French peoples aspiration to establish a republic (Jefferson and his supporters were sympathetic) • Proclaiming Neutrality (1793) – US would remain neutral • “Citizen” Genet: Appeal to the American people support the French • The Jay Treaty (1794): facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary wars. • The Pinckney Treaty (1795): and established intentions of friendship with Spain. Domestic Affairs Political Parties: •Federalists and Anti-Federalist was a foreshadow that political parties would arise. •1790s: The Federalists Era – Debates between Hamilton and Jefferson •The Federalist Party and opposition party known as the Democratic-Republican party was the first political parties in the US. •The French Revolution further solidified the formation of a national political party. Political Parties • The federalists were strongest in northeastern states and advocated the growth of federal power. • The Democratic-Republicans were strongest in the southern states and on the eastern frontier and argued for states rights. • In 1796 President Washington announced that he would retire to private life at the end of his second term. • Washington wrote a Farewell Address in which he spoke about policies and practices that he considered unwise. George Washington’s Farewell Address 1. Read and annotate the speech by George Washington 2. Describe at least three policies and practices that he warned Americans about. Prime Time: APUSH November 17th , 2014 1.Describe how the first two political parties in the United States formed. 2.Describe at least three policies and practices that George Washington warned Americans about in his Farwell Address Due Today: Washington’s Farewell Address This Week’s Tentative Schedule Monday: Washington’s Farewell/Adams Election Tuesday: Alien and Sedition Acts/Review for Exam Wednesday: Exam (Multiple Choice) Thursday: Exam (Writing Section) Friday: Time Period 4 Overview/Recap Day *Office Hours 2:45-3:45 this week in the library AP Vocabulary • Sedition: conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch. • Sectionalism: the placing of the needs of one section of the nation over the needs of the whole nation. • Alien: Someone from another country • Naturalization: Legal process by which a citizen of one country becomes a citizen of another. The Whiskey Rebellion • The Whiskey Rebellion (1794): • Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass excise taxes on particular on the sale of whiskey. • In western PA the refusal of a group of farmers to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey • Challenged the viability of the US government under the US Constitution. • Washington responded to this crisis by federalizing 15,000 state militiamen and placed them under command of Alexander Hamilton • Showed the power of the Federal Government Settlement of Lands • Native American wars led to the Treaty of Greenville – Natives surrendered claims to the Ohio Territory and opened it up to settlement. • Western Lands – 1790s, the Jay Treaty and Native Battle of Fallen Timbers gave the federal government control of vast lands. • Land Act 1796: Established a procedure for dividing and selling federal lands at a reasonable price. • Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792), and Tennessee (1796) became new states Washington’s Farewell Address 1. 2. 3. 4. • Not to get involved in European affairs Not to make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs Not to form political parties Not to fall into sectionalism Washington’s decision to leave office after two terms was that later presidents followed his example – they would voluntarily retire even though the Constitution placed no limit on a president’s turner in office. John Adams Presidency • The Vice President under Washington, John Adams, was the Federalists candidate, while Thomas Jefferson was the DemocraticRepublican candidate. • Adams won by three electoral votes US Conflicts • American ships were being seized by the French related to the French Revolution • Adams sent delegates to Paris to negotiate with the French government XYZ Affair • French ministers, known as X, Y, Z requested bribes – American delegates refused. • Alexander Hamilton believed that going to war the US could gain French and Spanish lands in North America. • Adams refused – The US army and navy was not strong enough yet. • Anger against France strengthened the Federalists – the Federalists took advantage of their victory by enacting laws to restrict their political opponents. Sedition Acts: Due Tuesday, November 18th Part I (10 points) I. Read the Alien and Sedition Acts. Analyze the source using HIPP. II. Write down at least three parts of the law that will affect Americans. Part 2 (5 points) In your textbook or online look up the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Describe the resolutions and reason behind passing the resolutions. Prime Time: APUSH November 18th , 2014 1.Describe the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion. Compare and contrast the Whiskey rebellion with Shay’s Rebellion. 2. Describe the Alien and Sedition Acts. *Define the word nullification. Due Today: Alien and Sedition Acts Sedition Acts: Due Tuesday, November 18th Part I (10 points) I. Read the Alien and Sedition Acts. Analyze the source using HIPP. II. Write down at least three parts of the law that will affect Americans. Part 2 (5 points) In your textbook or online look up the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Describe the resolutions and reason behind passing the resolutions. Alien and Sedition Acts under Adams • Opposition to Federalists, spurred on by Democratic-Republicans, reached new heights at this time with the Democratic-Republicans supporting France still in the midst of the French Revolution. • As the unrest sweeping Europe was bleeding over into the United States the nation seemed ready to rip itself apart. • The Alien Act and the Sedition Act were meant to guard against this perceived threat of anarchy. • Democratic-Republicans denounced the acts. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) No protesting the government? No immigrants allowed in? No freedom of the press. Lawmakers jailed? • Alien Act: laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new Immigrants to vote • Sedition Act: prohibited public opposition to the government. Fines and imprisonment could be used against those who "write, print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous and malicious writing" against the government. (Did this violate the 1st amendment?) The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were political statements drafted in which the KY and VA legislatures stated that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. • Argued for states rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. Written secretly by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. • The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 argued that each individual state has the power to declare that federal laws are unconstitutional and void. The Kentucky Resolution of 1799 added that when the states determine that a law is unconstitutional, nullification would be necessary. Review Game Exam: Time Period 3 7 Years War Alien and Sedition Acts under John Adams administration. Key Events: • 7 Years War • British timeline of taxes and acts on the colonists • Declaration on Independence • American Revolution • Articles of Confederation • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists (Hamilton vs. Jefferson) • US Constitution • George Washington’s administration (Whiskey Rebellion, Farewell address) • Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans • John Adams administration (Alien and Sedition Acts, French Revolution)