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The Cell 7.1 Discovery of the Cell The Nora School Biology 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Period ________ The Discovery of the Cell • Because there were no instruments to make cells visible, the existence of cells was unknown for most of human history. • This changed with the invention of the microscope. • In 1665, Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork, a plant material. The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ The Discovery of the Cell • At the same time, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things. • The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms. The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ 1 The Cell Theory • • Cells are the basic units of life. The Cell Theory is a fundamental concept of biology. It states: 1. 2. 3. All Living Things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells. The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ Electron Microscopes • Electron microscopes reveal details 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes. • Electron microscopy can be used to visualize only nonliving, preserved cells and tissues. – Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) – Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Typical cells range in size from 5 to 50 micrometers. • The nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. • Cell typing is categorized by their nucleus: – Eukaryotes (Greek for “true nucleus/center”) – Prokaryotes (Greek for “before nucleus/center”) The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ 2 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus. • Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell. The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ Eukaryotic Cell Structure • These cells are highly complex with different “organelles” that work together within the cell. – Organelles are specialized organs that have different roles within the cell. – The Eukaryotic cell is generally broken down into two parts: • Nucleus • Cytoplasm The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ Section 7.1 Assessment 1. What three statements describe the Cell Theory? 2. What are the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? 3. Compare the process used to produce a TEM and an SEM. 4. What structures do all cells have? 5. How did the invention of the microscope help the development of the Cell Theory? The Nora School 955 Sligo Avenue Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Biology Period ________ 3