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Medieval Times Times of Kings, Knights, and Chivalry. Feudal System Definition: A Medieval European political system that revolved around the warrior nobility and the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs. Lords: the nobility who owned the land. Vassals: people who the lords granted land to. Fief: the land given by the lord to the vassal Lords 1. 2. There are two types of Lords. The Liege Lord: This is the King or Emperor. Lesser Lords: Barons and knights who the king gives land after they pay homage to him. They are part of the vassals. Vassals Includes lesser lords, under tenants, and peasants. Under tenants granted land to the peasants in return for rent and labor services. Charlemagne He was a Frankish King who expanded the Frankish Kingdom into an empire that spanned much of Western and Central Europe. He ruled from 768 to 814. He is also responsible for the spread of feudalism throughout much of Europe. HA-HA Florida Michigan 41 Florida 35 Florida goes 9-4 Bourbon Street Blackout UGA 41 – Hawaii 10 If you can’t run with the big DAWGS don’t get off the porch. The Power of the Church During Medieval times one of the most powerful organizations in the world was the Catholic Church. The Pope in Rome used the clergy to influence politics in Medieval Europe. The Church as a Unifying Force While feudalism divided the people into the noble and peasant classes the Church bonded these people together. They were a stable force during war and political turmoil. It also provided a sense of equality among because everybody followed the same path to salvation. The Church in Villages The Church in small villages was not only the center of religious activity, it was the center of social gatherings. Religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter were also times for great celebration. The Church and Politics All medieval Christians, kings and peasants alike were subject to canon law. Canon law or Church law were laws that concerned matters like marriage and religious practices. If these laws were broken a person was subject to excommunication and interdict. Excommunication and Interdict Excommunication: one person is banished from the Church. Interdict: many sacraments and religious practices are not allowed to be performed in the king’s land. The Pope used these two punishments to hold kings in check. Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry IV The Church was not always happy with the kings of Europe. They particularly did not like the a ceremony called lay investiture in which kings appointed church officials. In 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. This made the Henry IV upset. The Problem Continues Henry IV continued to practice lay investiture and was excommunicated by Gregory VII. The bishops and other church officials sided with the Pope forcing Henry IV to seek forgiveness. This was granted in 1077. The Concordat of Worms The fight over lay investiture continued after Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV had died. Eventually a compromise was reached with the Concordat of Worms. This said the Pope would appoint the bishops but the king could veto them. England Begins By 900 England had been battered by invasions by raids lead by the Vikings. They had been defended by leaders such as Alfred the Great, but eventually these people from Scandinavia had taken control of England. These new people were the Angle-Saxon people. William the Conqueror By 1066 a struggle began over who would become the next king of England would be. Harold Godwinson stepped forward and made his claim. However, another leader would emerge to claim the crown. His name was William of Normandy. Battle of Hastings William and Harold argued over who was the rightful king. This led to war. On October 14, 1066 William led his troops against Harold at the Battle of Hastings in England. William was victorious and earned the title of William the Conqueror. How William Maintained Control The first thing William did was remove all the lords who supported Harold. He then placed people who supported him in their place. William laid the foundation for centralized government in England. Doomsday Book This refers to a book that William the Conqueror ordered to be kept that showed who had paid taxes and who had not. The people who looked after these affairs were called exchequers. Assignments These assignments are due on Test Day which will be next Friday. First, have your note book completed and ready to turn in. Second, the two worksheets that will be handed out at the end of class. Finally, a Venn Diagram describing the similarities and differences in Greek Democracy, the Roman Republic, and Medieval Feudalism. These all need to be in your notebook. Sugar Bowl Knowshon scores first touchdown in the sUGAr Bowl. sUGAr Bowl sUGAr Bowl sUGAr Bowl Henry II Henry II became king in 1154 and ruled until 1189. He extended the English territories in France by gaining Aquitaine. He did this by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine. Common Law Henry II also strengthened the English government by placing judges in every territory owned by England. These judges had the power to collect taxes, settle lawsuits, and punish crimes. These judges formed what became known as the English common law. This became the basis for law in many English-speaking countries. Magna Carta John was also a cruel man who ruled in a way that made everyone angry at him. This led to the Magna Carta. This document, which John reluctantly signed gave basic political rights to the citizens of England. Rights in the Magna Carta No taxation without representation. A jury trial Protection of the law This became the basis for the basic legal rights of both England and the United States of America. Parliament in England Under Edward I England took another important step forward into becoming democratic country. In 1295 the first parliament, legislative body, held its first meeting. This parliament was made up of knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords. It became known as the Model Parliament. France in Medieval Times After the breakup of Charlemagne Empire the French Lords ruled their individual territories using the Feudal System. In 987 the last member, Louis the Sluggard, of the Carolingian Dynasty died. This laid the path opened for a new dynasty to begin and to unite France as one kingdom. Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet: He was an undistinguished duke from the middle of France whose family ruled a small territory, but at its heart stood Paris. It was the geography of the Capetian lands that allowed it to become a dynasty. Reasons France Unites Under the Capetians The most important reason for the France uniting was that the Capetian territory sat in the middle of important trade routes. Slowly over a period of the Capetians took control of strategic areas, and this allowed their power to grow. Philip II One of the most powerful Capetian kings was Philip Augustus or Philip II. Philip II first goal was to weaken the power of English kings in France. At first he had little success against kings like Henry II and Richard the Lionheart. However, when John I became king his success grew. Philip II By 1204 he had tripled the lands of France. His next goal was to strengthen the central government. He did this by appointing bailiffs to each territory to preside over the kings courts and collect taxes. Comparison of France and England William the Conqueror invades England in 1066. Henry II introduces the use of juries to the courts. John agrees to the Magna Carta Edward calls the Model Parliament. Hugh Capet increases the territories of France. Philip II establishes bailiffs to preside over the courts. Louis IX creates appeals court Philip IV adds Third Estate to the EstatesGeneral. The Plague One of the most devastating events in human history occurred during the early 1300’s. This was the Bubonic Plague. The plague originated in Asia and made its way to Europe on trade ships. It was spread by fleas that sucked the blood of infected rats. The Effects of the Plague 25 million people died in Europe and many millions more died in Asia and North Africa. Other effects included town populations fallen, trade declined prices rose, nobles resisted peasant demands for higher wages causing peasant revolts, and Jews were persecuted and murdered. Final AP Top 25 1. LSU (60) 12-2 1,620 2. Georgia (3) 11-2 1,515 3. USC (1) 11-2 1,500 4. Missouri 12-2 1,347 5. Ohio State 11-2 1,346 6. West Virginia 11-2 1,342 7. Kansas (1) 12-1 1,303 8. Oklahoma 11-3 1,139 9. Virginia Tech 11-3 1,096 Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between England and France. Fought mainly over control of lands in France that both England and France claimed. Battles 1. 2. 3. There were three significant battles during the Hundred Years War. Crecy: most significant battle because of the introduction of the longbow. England won. Poiters: English repeated the success of Crecy. Agincourt: another English victory. End of the War From 1421 to 1453 the French fought to drive the English out of France and succeeded. By the end the English held only Calais. Joan of Arc: one of the leaders of the French Army that drove the English out. She was eventually captured and burned at the stake. Impact of the War A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and France. Now people saw the king as a national leader not just a feudal lord. The power and prestige of the French king increased. The English suffered internal turmoil known as the War of the Roses, in which two noble houses fought for control. Guilds and the Commercial Revolution Guilds: an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve economic and social conditions of its members. The merchant guilds controlled trade. Commercial Revolution: this was an increase in the availability of trade goods and new ways of doing business. “ "And here I prophesy: this brawl today, Grown to this faction in the Temple garden, Shall send, between the Red Rose and the White, A thousand souls to death and deadly night." — Warwick, Henry VI, Part One ”