Download 2 Chem Packet

Name______________________________
Chapter 2
Class __________________
Date ______________
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life
Section Review 2-2
Vocabulary Review
Reviewing Key Concepts
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to fill in the spaces in the puzzle with the correct words.
Matching Match each term with its appropriate description. Write the letter of
the correct term on the lines provided. A term may be used more than once.
a. polarity
b. acidic
c. basic
Down
2. negatively charge subatomic particle
3. compound that produces hydroxide
ions in solution
5. bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
6. monomer of nucleic acid
9. monomer of protein
10. compound that forms hydrogen ions in
solution
13. atom of same element that differs in
number of neutrons compared to other
atoms of the element
15. basic unit of matter
Across
1. elements or compounds that enter into
a chemical reaction
4. process that changes one set of chemicals into another
7. positively charged subatomic particle
8. substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions
11. positively and negatively charged
atoms
12. carbon compound that stores and transmits genetic information
14. the center of an atom
16. bond formed when electrons are shared
between atoms
17. macromolecule formed when
monomers join together
1. unequal sharing of electrons
2. lemon juice, pH 1.5
3. lower concentrations of H! ions than pure water
4. ammonia, pH 11.5
5. a slight negative charge at one end of a molecule, a
slight positive charge at the other end
6. pH values that are below 7
7. alkaline solutions
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
8. What causes polarity in a water molecule?
9. What determines whether a solution is acidic or basic?
1
r
2
e
a
c
t
a
n
t
3
l
4
c
h
m
e
5
c
7
p
r
t
o
o
c
a
l
r
e
b
c
a
8
o
6
s
u
n
e
c
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
e
d
10
12
n
n
u
a
13
u
c
l
e
u
i
l
e
i
c
a
c
i
d
n
e
o
s
a
c
15
a
t
c
o
v
a
l
e
n
t
o
l
y
m
i
b
o
e
r
n
d
Reviewing Key Skills
12. Applying Concepts What is the relationship between a base and a basic solution?
13. Comparing and Contrasting Describe how acidic solutions differ from pure water.
14. Applying Concepts What are buffers and why are they important to cells?
d
o
p
e
i
d
o
16
a
m
t
c
d
n
9
o
o
14
11. Name two types of mixtures and describe how they are different.
l
b
o
10. What is the relationship between cohesion and capillary action?
n
o
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
o
i
i
i
n
11
t
17
p
16
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
r
i
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Name
Date __________
Class
Date
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
Types of Molecules
Living things need organic compounds called carbohydrates,
lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
Fill in the missing cells in the table. Identify the function of the molecule
or the main components (types of atoms) that make up the molecule.
The first row has been done for you.
Section Review 2-3
Reviewing Key Concepts
Identifying On the lines provided, identify each statement as describing
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, or proteins.
1. the main source of energy for living things
2. help carry out chemical reactions
3. important parts of biological membranes
Type of
Molecule
Components of
Molecule
Function of
Molecule
carbohydrate
carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
main source of energy;
structural purposes
4. contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,
and carbon
5. transport substances in and out of cells
6. composed of amino acids
7. sugar and starches
8. store and transmit hereditary information
lipid
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
mostly carbon and
hydrogen
9. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and
.
10. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are carbohydrates called
.
11. The two basic kinds of nucleic acids are
and
hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus
protein
13. A fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible
is
controls rate of reactions;
transports substances
into or out of cell;
fights disease
Use the table to answer the question.
1. Which of the types of molecules in the table contain carbon?
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
16
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
nucleic acid
.
are polymers of amino acids.
12.
.
Reviewing Key Skills
14. Applying Concepts No other element can form the amount and
variety of molecules that carbon can form. What characteristics does
carbon have that explain this characteristic?
15. Comparing and Contrasting Plastics are synthetic, organic polymers.
How are plastics similar to polysaccharides? How are they different?
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
17
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Date __________
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
Enzymes
Many chemical reactions in cells take place on enzymes. The
reactants bind to the enzyme until the reaction is complete. These
reactants are called substrates. When the reaction is complete, the
products are released.
Section Review 2-4
Reviewing Key Concepts
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. Chemical reactions that
occur spontaneously.
energy often
2. During a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are
Enzyme
.
3. Biological catalysts, or enzymes, act by lowering the
required for a reaction.
4. The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are known as
.
Defining Terms On the lines provided, describe how the words in each set are related.
Products
Substrates
5. catalyst, enzyme, activation energy
6. reactant, product, chemical reaction
3
Active site
Reviewing Key Skills
1
Interpreting Graphics Use the two diagrams of chemical reactions to answer questions 7 to 9.
2
Graph I
Graph II
B
A
Energy
Use the diagram to place the steps below in the correct order.
Products are released.
Course of Reaction
Substrates bind to enzyme.
Substrates are converted into products.
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. Where do the reactants bind to the enzyme?
Course of Reaction
7. Which pathway has the greatest activation energy?
8. Which graph shows a reaction that absorbs energy?
9. Why are two pathways shown in the graph on the right?
2. What is the function of enzymes in living things? Circle the
correct answer.
catalyze chemical reactions
inhibit chemical reactions
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
18
10. Forming a Hypothesis Most enzymes in the human body work best at 37!C.
Imagine scientists have discovered an enzyme in the body that works best at
39!C. What processes or functions might this enzyme be involved in?
18
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Energy
C
Name
Class
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
Date
Name
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Class
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that best
matches each term.
,
12. amino acid
13. monosaccharide
2. A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom is called
a(an)
14. isotopes
.
16. nucleic acid
d. catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in cells
17. enzyme
4. The two main types of chemical bonds are
18. chemical reaction
.
19. lipid
5. The slight attractions that develop between the oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules are called
.
b. dissolved compound that prevents sharp swings
in pH
c. large compound formed by the joining of small
compounds, called monomers
15. buffer
3. A chemical
is a substance formed by the
combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
and
a. atoms of the same element that differ in the number
of neutrons
11. polymer
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. Protons and neutrons together form the
which is at the center of the atom.
Date
e. monomer of a protein
f. process that produces a new set of chemicals
g. single sugar molecule
h. stores and transmits genetic information
i. part of waterproof coverings
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
6. How do a sodium atom and a positive sodium ion differ?
Labeling Diagrams For questions 20 and 21, identify the diagram as one of
the following: nucleotide, amino acid, or lipid. Place your answer on the lines
provided below each diagram.
20. Nitrogenous base
7. How do cohesion and adhesion differ?
21.
Phosphate group
8. In a salt solution, why is water the solvent and salt the solute?
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the reaction as
one of the following: products, reactants, or activation energy.
Energy-Releasing Reaction
9. How do acids and bases differ?
23
Energy
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-carbon sugar
22
24
10. Describe the roles of a catalyst and a substrate in a chemical reaction.
Course of Reaction
22.
23.
24.
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
19
20
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2